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The We Mean Business coalition argues that while nearly 500 companies have set science-based emission reduction targets, stronger government policies are required to drive further business action. The coalition recommends specific interventions across zero-carbon grids, fleets, buildings, and agriculture, alongside broader systemic reforms including the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, the implementation of carbon pricing, and the adoption of TCFD disclosure requirements. The document emphasizes that these policies will provide the clarity and confidence businesses need for low-carbon capital investment and a just transition for workers.

The document identifies a critical gap in India's goal to achieve 40 GW of rooftop solar by 2022, noting that as of March 2018, capacity was only ~2.53 GW. It argues that while the Commercial and Industrial (C&I) segment is growing, expansion is limited to high-credit entities, leaving MSMEs underserved due to a lack of credit history and collateral. To address this, the authors propose a Credit Guarantee Mechanism (CGM) as a bilateral loss-sharing agreement between a trust fund and lending institutions. This mechanism would provide a Liquidity Backstop Pool for payment delays and a Partial Loss Guarantee Pool for defaults, effectively reducing the risk for banks lending to Renewable Energy Service Companies (RESCOs). The study estimates that $1 million in donor grant capital could mobilize $14 million in capital and install 18 MW of capacity.

The document analyzes the challenges states face when seeking security for costs in ISDS, noting that tribunals often apply an excessively high threshold for granting such orders. It highlights the impact of third-party funding and the inconsistency of current jurisprudence, ultimately proposing specific treaty language to standardize the process and ensure investors can satisfy cost awards.

The report argues that Canada's long-term prosperity is fragile, as its comprehensive wealth has grown significantly slower than its GDP. While Canada possesses high levels of natural capital, it faces risks from household debt, climate change, and an over-concentration of produced capital in housing and oil and gas infrastructure. The authors advocate for the official adoption of comprehensive wealth measurement to shift policy focus from short-term gains to long-term sustainability.

The document argues that the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region can significantly reduce climate pollution and consumer costs by investing in vehicle efficiency, electric vehicles (EVs), and clean fuels. An analysis by M.J. Bradley and Associates indicates that these strategies could cut on-road CO2 emissions by 37% by 2030 and 78% by 2050 (relative to 1990 levels), while saving consumers over $1 trillion on petroleum-based fuels by 2050. The report emphasizes that electrification is the largest driver of emissions reductions and suggests policy mechanisms such as a Clean Fuel Standard and a regional clean transportation investment fund to achieve these goals equitably.

The paper examines environmental integrity in international carbon markets, defining it as a state where carbon unit transfers result in the same or lower aggregated global emissions. It identifies four primary risk factors: accounting for transfers, the quality of generated units, the ambition of transferring countries' targets, and potential disincentives for future mitigation action. The author recommends that policy-makers employ a combination of approaches to mitigate these risks.

CIEL argues that IDB Invest's Access to Information Policy must be rooted in democratic principles and international law to protect affected communities and environmental defenders. Key recommendations include eliminating fees for information requests, extending the disclosure window for environmental and social documents to 120 days before Board approval, and ensuring the policy aligns with the Escazú Agreement. CIEL also emphasizes the need for robust protections for indigenous peoples' free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) and the safety of environmental human rights defenders in the region.

The report explores how jurisdictions can cooperate through 'carbon pricing clubs' to link carbon pricing instruments (CPIs) and reduce emissions cost-effectively. By analyzing non-climate institutions—specifically APEC, MTCR, OECD, and IFTA—the authors identify key governance dimensions: membership rules, decision-making processes, and compliance mechanisms. The report argues that 'hard coordination' and exclusive membership are essential for maintaining environmental integrity, while centralized secretariats can reduce administrative burdens and facilitate technical alignment. It concludes that a combination of strict accession criteria, peer-review processes, and flexible decision-making (such as majority voting) can help clubs adapt to changing political and economic circumstances while safeguarding their environmental goals.

The document argues that Nigeria is becoming a global hub for minigrid development and outlines four key recommendations to accelerate market growth: improving finance affordability, providing partial grants and operational subsidies, establishing a finance consortium to spread risk, and coordinating demand stimulation through development programs.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is approaching the trigger point for resource replenishment, having committed $3.5 billion across 74 projects. However, the GCF Board is currently facing a logjam regarding how to launch this process, with developing countries seeking a more inclusive approach than the 2014 'initial resource mobilization'. The author proposes appointing an independent, high-level external facilitator—similar to a COP presidency—to consult with all stakeholders and resolve diplomatic impasses to ensure predictable climate finance for the Paris Agreement.

ClientEarth and Seas At Risk recommend that the European Commission reject or strictly condition landing obligation exemptions that lack sufficient scientific evidence. They argue that 'temporary' exemptions should be limited to one year and tied to binding roadmaps for improving selectivity and survivability. The authors highlight a decline in the quality of data submitted for de minimis exemptions and warn that failing to account for dead discards in 'high survival' exemptions could increase fishing mortality and jeopardize Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) objectives.

Friends of the Earth International asserts that the dominant economic system of continuous growth and profit is the root cause of the planetary crisis. The organization advocates for a systemic transition toward societies based on equality, reciprocity, and popular sovereignty, requiring the dismantling of capitalist logic and the implementation of feminist economics and agroecology. Key priorities include a just energy transition that removes fossil fuel dependence and corporate control, the recognition of community rights over forests, and the establishment of public services through tax justice and social ownership.

ClientEarth warns the Ford Pension Fund trustees that failing to consider climate change as a material financial risk may constitute a breach of fiduciary duty. The letter outlines the financial risks of fossil fuel assets, the opportunities in low-carbon investments, and emerging market standards among OECD asset owners. It concludes with a detailed set of recommended actions, including asset reallocation away from coal and the adoption of TCFD-aligned reporting.

ClientEarth argues that the Lloyds Bank Pension Scheme trustees may be failing their fiduciary duties by not sufficiently addressing climate risk. The letter outlines the material financial risks of climate change, particularly for fossil fuel assets, and the opportunities in the low-carbon transition. It provides a framework for action, including reallocating assets away from coal and high-carbon sectors, adopting TCFD-aligned reporting, and pursuing active stewardship of portfolio companies.

ClientEarth warns the Mineworkers’ Pension Scheme trustees that failing to address climate-related financial risks may constitute a breach of fiduciary duty. The letter outlines the material risks associated with fossil fuel assets, the opportunities in the low-carbon transition, and emerging market standards for asset owners. It provides a detailed set of recommended actions, including reallocating capital away from coal and high-carbon assets, adopting TCFD-aligned reporting, and pursuing active stewardship of portfolio companies.

ClientEarth warns the National Grid UK Pension Scheme trustees that treating climate risk merely as part of general ESG issues may be insufficient to meet their legal obligations. The letter outlines material financial risks associated with fossil fuels, the potential for returns from low-carbon investments, and emerging market standards for asset owners. It concludes with a set of recommended actions, including reallocating capital away from coal and high-carbon assets, adopting TCFD-aligned reporting, and pursuing active stewardship of portfolio companies.

The document provides specific wording suggestions to ensure that the Paris Agreement's rights-based vision is reflected in the guidelines for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the Transparency Framework, the Global Stocktake, and Article 6 mechanisms. It emphasizes that these guidelines should promote the integration of human rights, gender equality, and indigenous rights without creating new obligations for Parties or new conditionalities for climate finance.

The document highlights a regulatory divergence in climate risk disclosure, noting that TCFD implementation is largely an EU phenomenon. It proposes that IOSCO, which represents regulators for over 95% of world securities markets, can reduce systemic financial risk by issuing formal acknowledgments of TCFD, updating its Principles, and developing reporting standards. It suggests investors engage either their national regulators or IOSCO directly to push for these actions, specifically targeting the Committee on Issuer Accounting, Audit and Disclosure (Committee 1).

The document proposes replacing traditional carbon offsetting with a results-based climate finance (RBCF) system under a unified Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM). It argues that while the aviation sector currently relies on offsets via CORSIA, this should be a transitory arrangement phased out by 2030 through a 'ratchet mechanism' on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) scope. To ensure environmental integrity and avoid double counting, the author recommends a 50% discount rate on offsets, mandatory corresponding adjustments by host countries, and a transparent international registry. Additionally, the SDM should incorporate stakeholder consultation rules, grievance mechanisms, and restrictions on harmful technologies like coal to foster genuine sustainable development.

Climate change is causing record-breaking wildfires, ocean acidification, and declining snowpack in Washington, threatening the state's shellfish, forestry, and hydroelectric industries. Projections suggest temperatures could rise by 5°F to 8.5°F by the end of the century, with significant risks to coastal property and forest health. The document advocates for carbon pricing, cleaner transportation fuels, and a transition to zero-carbon electricity to mitigate these risks.