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The report argues that credit rating agencies may be artificially inflating the value of companies contributing to global warming by failing to account for climate risks, potentially repeating the systemic underestimation of risk seen during the credit crisis.

This case study examines the Olkaria III geothermal power plant in Kenya, the first privately funded and developed geothermal project in Africa. It analyzes how a combination of public sector risk mitigation, phased development, and international development finance enabled a private developer, Ormat Technologies, to successfully deploy a 110 MW binary plant. The document highlights the role of the Kenyan government in reducing exploration and credit risks to attract private capital and provides lessons for scaling geothermal energy in East Africa.

This executive summary explores the potential for a government-sponsored foreign exchange (FX) hedging facility to reduce the cost of renewable energy in India. It argues that high market-based currency hedging costs currently make foreign debt nearly as expensive as domestic debt, hindering the achievement of 2022 renewable energy targets. The document analyzes a proposed facility that would cover debt payments for USD loans, estimating its expected cost and the potential reductions in government support and energy costs.

This research paper provides a company profile and financial overview of the Spanish firms Ecoener and Hidralia Energía, both of which are stakeholders in Hidro Santa Cruz, a company developing a controversial dam in Guatemala.

This executive summary by Friends of the Earth International argues that the financial resources required to transition Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia to 100% renewable energy by 2030 already exist in the fortunes of the world's wealthiest individuals. The document emphasizes that the primary barrier to this energy revolution is a lack of political will rather than a lack of capital, and calls for a systemic transformation that prioritizes democratic ownership and social justice over mere technological substitution.

The Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2014 executive summary analyzes global climate finance flows for 2013, noting a decrease in total investment and highlighting the role of falling technology costs and domestic policy frameworks in driving climate finance.

The executive summary of 'The Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2013' reports that global climate finance flows have plateaued at USD 359 billion, a figure significantly lower than estimated investment needs. The document emphasizes that public policies and resources act as the 'engine room' of the system, necessary to reduce risks and costs to attract private capital, which is essential for scaling low-carbon and climate-resilient growth.

This document is an addendum to the report 'Biofuels—At What Cost? A review of costs and benefits of EU biofuel policies', published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in August 2013. The addendum provides corrected 2011 estimates for EU biofuel subsidies, specifically revising the figures for fuel excise tax exemptions, and details the calculation methodologies used for budgetary support and market price support.

This case study examines the challenges and mechanisms for financing infrastructure in Africa, with a specific focus on the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It analyzes the shift from official development assistance and commercial bank lending toward alternative funding modalities, including Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), infrastructure bonds, sovereign wealth funds, and diaspora-led financing, to meet the massive capital requirements of regional development plans.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International examines the financial backers of Wilmar International and contrasts the company's corporate social responsibility claims with reports of environmental destruction and human rights violations in Indonesia, Nigeria, and Uganda.

This situation report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the mobilisation of private sector finance for climate change mitigation and adaptation, with a particular focus on developing countries and the role of the Green Climate Fund.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the potential for institutional investors—such as pension funds and insurance companies—to fund renewable energy infrastructure. It identifies three primary investment channels and analyzes the policy, regulatory, and institutional barriers that prevent these investors from lowering the cost of capital for renewable energy projects.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the financial sustainability of public-private partnerships (PPPs) used to address infrastructure deficits. It details the mechanisms of project finance, including the use of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) and high gearing ratios, while cautioning that PPPs are not a substitute for government budgets as public funds eventually cover the costs. The document also explores how PPP contracts can be designed to achieve broader environmental and social sustainability goals.

This executive summary, produced by the Climate Policy Initiative for the San Giorgio Group, analyzes the gaps between the demand for and supply of risk mitigation instruments in low-carbon and climate-resilient investments. It identifies significant bottlenecks in financing and policy risk coverage across both developed and developing markets and evaluates the potential of first-loss protection and policy risk insurance to bridge these gaps.

This executive summary from the Climate Policy Initiative assesses climate finance flows in Germany for the year 2010. It maps the sources, intermediaries, and sectors of investment to understand the current level of funding and the role of public policy in mobilizing private capital for the energy transition (Energiewende).

This executive summary from the Climate Policy Initiative provides a snapshot of climate finance in Germany for the year 2010. It analyzes the volume of investments, the primary sources of funding, and the effectiveness of policy instruments, while highlighting significant gaps in data collection and monitoring (MRV) systems.

The Landscape of Climate Finance 2012 executive summary estimates annual global climate finance flows for 2010/2011 at approximately USD 343-385 billion. The report details the roles of public and private sources, the importance of financial intermediaries, and the distribution of funds toward mitigation and adaptation, noting that current levels remain insufficient to limit global temperature rise to below two degrees Celsius.

This case study by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the Ouarzazate I Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) project in Morocco. It examines how a public-private partnership (PPP) model, supported by significant international concessional finance and government subsidies, was used to overcome the high capital costs and commercial immaturity of CSP technology to establish a foundation for a larger regional solar portfolio.

This book chapter examines the role of investment and financing in the sugar cane-based bioenergy sector in Africa, noting that while sugar cane has a long history in the region, energy-specific investments have historically been limited but are increasing due to climate change, energy security, and rural development concerns.

This report analyzes a 3.75 billion dollar World Bank loan to Eskom Holding Limited for an energy project in South Africa, arguing that the Bank's economic evaluation failed to account for environmental externalities and social costs, potentially leading to a systemic over-investment in large-scale centralized power projects.