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This research paper, written by Dale S. Rothman of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for Environment Canada, serves as a conceptual document for the development of the Canadian Environmental Outlook (CEO). It defines the CEO as an integrated environmental assessment designed to provide a forward-looking analysis of the interactions between society and the environment to support strategic decision-making and policy formulation in Canada.

This 2004 practice note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) explores the convergence of knowledge management, information and communications technologies (ICTs), and community engagement. It maps how trends from the private sector, social sciences, and international development are merging to create new forms of governance and knowledge mobilization aimed at sustainable development.

This briefing paper outlines a conceptual framework for climate change adaptation that focuses on reducing the vulnerability of poor communities by strengthening sustainable livelihoods through ecosystem management and restoration.

This research paper by Michael Kinsley addresses communities conflicted over local growth and development, proposing a distinction between 'development' (improvements) and 'expansion' (size increase) to better inform community planning.

This briefing from the Center for International Environmental Law discusses the conceptual and legal framework of community-based property rights (CBPRs), distinguishing them from Western property concepts and state-led decentralization. It argues that the legal recognition of CBPRs is a necessary condition for environmental justice and sustainable development, particularly for indigenous peoples in the Global South.

This infographic outlines the health and socio-economic benefits of a just energy transition, focusing on the creation of a healthy fossil-free economy, healthy fossil-free cities, and access to clean and healthy energy.

This infographic by the Global Climate and Health Alliance outlines the health and societal benefits of transitioning to a fossil-free economy, focusing on healthy cities, clean energy access, and a sustainable economy.

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) introduces 'Ecohealth,' a conceptual approach that links human well-being to the health of ecosystems, specifically focusing on the role of watershed management in improving both social and environmental determinants of health.

This policy note, published by the South African Institute of International Affairs in October 2025, advocates for a shift from incremental to transformational climate adaptation in Africa. It outlines the conceptual differences between these approaches, identifies systemic barriers to implementation across the continent, and provides strategic recommendations for South Africa's G20 presidency to champion scalable, just, and context-specific adaptation frameworks.

This fact sheet from the CADWAGO project discusses the conceptual framework for addressing water dilemmas, emphasizing the need to reconcile both conflicting interests and competing claims over agency (position dilemmas) in water governance, particularly under the uncertainties of climate change.

This report chapter outlines a conceptual framework for 'empowerment pathways' to transform gender relations in Sub-Saharan Africa's smallholder farming sector. It argues that sustainable change requires a multi-dimensional approach addressing individual agency, social and legal structures, and collective relations, while actively engaging men as allies to move from 'power over' to 'power with' dynamics.

This research paper introduces the 'data loop' concept, describing a collaborative relationship between governments and the private sector to enhance greenhouse gas emissions data sharing to support national climate policies and Paris Agreement reporting requirements, with a focus on the Asia region.

This World Resources Institute fact sheet provides a framework for comparing the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy options against traditional electricity supply, emphasizing that accuracy depends on the perspective of the comparison and the specific supply options considered.

This research paper proposes the implementation of a "data loop" in Indonesia to strengthen climate ambition through collaborative data sharing between the government and the private sector.

This research paper by Dr. Paul B. Siegel proposes a "no-regrets" approach to climate change adaptation by integrating disaster risk management (DRM), climate change adaptation (CCA), and social protection (SP) through spatially enabled governance. The author argues that development agencies should support the creation of adaptive social protection systems that are globally guaranteed, nationally managed, and locally administered, utilizing GIS and spatial data infrastructure to build resilience among the poor and vulnerable.

This research paper by Roger Street of the UK Climate Impacts Programme examines the requirements for climate information to be useful in adaptation decision-making. The author argues that information must be 'decision-relevant,' meaning it is tailored to the specific spatial and temporal scales of the decision process and the needs of the user community. The paper emphasizes that providing more data is not always beneficial and that a joint responsibility between information providers and users, fostered through sustained engagement, is necessary to bridge the gap between scientific data and practical policy implementation.