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This research paper examines whether and how manufactured nanomaterials should be treated as a global concern, noting the technology's potential for widespread economic transformation and the complexities of regulating materials that move through international trade and environmental transport.

This research paper compares two methods for calculating energy footprints embodied in trade for the United Kingdom in 2002: the National Footprint Accounts' Product Land Use Matrix (NFA-PLUM) and a multi-region input–output model (MRIO). While total import and export figures are comparable between the two, the study finds significant discrepancies when results are broken down by economic sector.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of international carbon market mechanisms within the context of negotiations for a post-2012 climate change agreement. It reviews the existing Kyoto Protocol instruments—International Emissions Trading (IET), Joint Implementation (JI), and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)—and explores potential expansions or new mechanisms, such as sectoral crediting and REDD, to enhance cost-effectiveness and engage developing countries in mitigation efforts.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides an overview of the UNFCCC climate change negotiations held in Bonn from March 29 to April 8, 2009. It details the progress and points of contention across the four pillars of the Bali Action Plan—mitigation, adaptation, technology, and financing—as countries worked toward a comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement intended for adoption at COP 15 in Copenhagen in December 2009.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) details the outcomes of the UNFCCC climate change negotiations held in Bonn from March 29 to April 8, 2009. It outlines the progress made across the four pillars of the Bali Action Plan—mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance—as parties worked toward a global post-2012 climate agreement intended for conclusion at COP-15 in Copenhagen in December 2009.

This research paper analyzes the socio-economic dynamics of the mining industry in Kalima, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), specifically comparing the impacts of industrial mining (historically led by Sominki and later Sakima) with current artisanal mining of cassiterite. The author argues that artisanal mining provides better employment, higher incomes, and more democratic working conditions for the local population than the previous industrial model, despite a decline in social services and local agriculture.

This report examines the integration of sustainable development—specifically environmental, labor, and social concerns—into Peru's trade and investment agenda. It analyzes the shift from a 1990s policy of prioritizing foreign investment with minimal standards to a current framework where sustainable development commitments are largely driven by external requirements from free trade agreements (FTAs) and international trade partners.

This report examines how sustainable development issues are integrated into Brazil's international trade and investment agenda, noting a shift from official government resistance to practical adaptation by economic actors due to international pressures and domestic political evolution.

This report examines how Chile incorporates sustainable development, specifically environmental and labor issues, into its trade agreements and foreign direct investment (FDI) policies, while identifying gaps in climate change integration and enforcement.

This report examines the intersection of international trade, foreign direct investment, and sustainable development in Argentina. It analyzes how external pressures, international agreements, and domestic factors influence the adoption of environmental and labor standards, while highlighting specific natural resource management challenges and the role of multilateral negotiations like the Kyoto Protocol.

This report synthesizes research from a TKN-CINDES project involving case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru. It examines the shift in South American countries from a defensive stance toward sustainable development in trade to the acceptance of environmental and labor chapters in free-trade agreements (FTAs), particularly those with the United States and Canada.

This research paper analyzes the potential impact of Jacob Zuma's presidency on South Africa's foreign policy and its relationship with the African continent, arguing that continuity is more likely than dramatic change due to the overarching influence of the African National Congress (ANC).

The provided text is a bibliographic reference for a 42-page report titled 'Urine diverting toilets in climates with cold winters: Technical considerations and the reuse of nutrients with a focus on legal and hygienic aspects', published in 2007 by Women in Europe for a Common Future.

The provided text is a bibliographic citation for a chapter titled "Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation," which was published as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II contribution, in 2007.

This IISD report analyzes how climate change threatens security in Africa by impacting water, food, and migration, while proposing governance and adaptation strategies to mitigate these risks.

This case study examines the role of investment incentives in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Indonesia's chemical industry and evaluates the resulting social and environmental impacts, specifically in Banten province.

This document outlines the human development status of Zambia, noting improvements in rural poverty, primary education enrolment, and child mortality between the late 1990s and mid-2000s. However, it highlights significant ongoing challenges, including high overall extreme poverty, declining girls' school attendance ratios, rising maternal mortality, a high number of AIDS orphans, and an inefficient justice system.

This 2009 fact sheet by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) examines the potential of unharvested crops and food processing waste as biomass feedstocks for biofuels. It argues that these resources can provide renewable energy and chemicals without competing with food production, highlighting specific waste streams from the potato, orange, and tomato industries and the economic benefits of recycling these materials.

This report summarizes a global consultation of approximately 40 civil society organizations (CSOs) conducted by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for the Global Initiative on Commodities (GIC). It provides recommendations to ensure that commodity production and trade contribute to sustainable development, emphasizing a bottom-up, participatory approach to national and international policy.

This report examines the Zambia Prison Service, detailing systemic failures including severe overcrowding, chronic underfunding, and human rights abuses. It highlights the disproportionate number of remandees, the lack of specialized facilities for women and juveniles, and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The document also outlines the Offender Management Programme and recent government efforts to improve transport and uniforms, while recommending structural reforms such as the establishment of a national parole board and a prisons ombudsman.