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The document outlines a pilot project in the Winnipeg River basin that employs 'adaptive monitoring'—combining high-frequency in situ sensors, satellite telemetry, and AI-driven modelling—to address data gaps in water quality. By deploying sensors at the Pinawa Marina and the Powerview-Pine Falls Drinking Water Treatment Facility, the project aims to provide near real-time data on parameters such as total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen to inform local decision-making and develop predictive surrogate models.

The report identifies 78 support measures for Indonesia's energy sector between FY 2016 and FY 2020, finding that 94.1% of the estimated value (IDR 1,153 trillion) supported fossil fuels, while renewable energy received less than 1%. The analysis highlights a significant imbalance in funding, with the majority of support benefiting producers over consumers and heavily favoring oil, gas, coal, and fossil-fuel-based electricity, thereby potentially hindering Indonesia's net-zero 2060 goal.

The report identifies a critical gap between current energy policies and the requirements for limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Based on 26 'feasible' IPCC pathways that limit reliance on unproven carbon capture and removal technologies, the authors argue that no new oil and gas fields should be developed and that global production must drop by 30% by 2030. Simultaneously, wind and solar capacity additions must double current forecasts, requiring an annual investment of over USD 830 billion by 2030. The report highlights a USD 450 billion annual investment gap and calls for the redirection of capital away from fossil fuels, noting that current oil and gas industry spending on undeveloped fields is inconsistent with climate goals.

The report evaluates the economic viability of restoring peatlands in Central Kalimantan and mangroves in Belitung, Indonesia. It argues that land rehabilitation is most effective when implemented as a package of interventions—such as combining canal blocking, land-use monitoring, and fire suppression for peatlands, or pairing mangrove planting with ecotourism—rather than as isolated measures. For peatlands, the highest societal net benefit (USD 4.136 billion by 2100) is achieved through a combined approach, primarily driven by avoided carbon emissions and fire damages. For mangroves, rehabilitation is deemed economically viable only when linked to additional revenue streams like ecotourism, which provides sustainable livelihoods and prevents land conversion for tin mining. The analysis emphasizes that local community income is critical for long-term success, as without alternative revenue (e.g., carbon payments or tourism), communities may return to environmentally damaging activities.

The report analyzes the international public finance (IPF) trends of high-income signatories of the Glasgow Statement, evaluating their fossil fuel exclusion policies and clean energy strategies. It finds that while some robust practices exist, many signatories lack transparent policies, particularly regarding gas exclusions and concrete clean energy targets. The document highlights the potential to shift USD 28 billion annually from fossil fuels to clean energy and uses case studies from Ethiopia and Sri Lanka to demonstrate how this shift can prevent fossil fuel lock-in and support just transitions in low- and middle-income countries.

The report finds a significant disparity in India's energy support, with fossil fuel subsidies remaining substantially higher than those for clean energy, reaching 9 times the amount in FY 2021. While overall fossil fuel subsidies decreased by 72% between 2014 and 2021, public finance institutions and state-owned utilities continue to prioritize fossil fuel projects over renewables. The study emphasizes the need to shift financial support toward clean energy technologies to meet the target of 500 GW of non-fossil power capacity by 2030.

The briefing emphasizes that clean electrification is the most efficient path to net-zero in Canada, noting that three quarters of emissions from building heating must be eliminated by 2040. It highlights the need for the industrial sector to increase electricity use to 41% by 2050 and for the electricity sector to accommodate a doubling of consumption by the same date, while noting that the electrification of medium- and heavy-duty vehicle fleets is currently lagging behind the light-duty market.

The document examines the evolution of disaster risk reduction (DRR) from a reactive emergency response model to a proactive strategy focused on reducing vulnerability and exposure. It highlights the disproportionate impact of disasters in countries with poor infrastructure, such as Haiti compared to Chile, and emphasizes the economic benefits of proactive investment, citing Bangladesh as an example. The brief traces the international policy trajectory from the 1960s through the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, noting a growing integration between DRR and climate change adaptation. It specifically advocates for the protection of wetlands as natural buffers against water-related disasters and calls for a 'whole-of-society' approach combining top-down institutional changes with bottom-up community actions to build resilience in a climate where extreme events are becoming the 'new normal'.

The document outlines a draft WTO agreement intended to limit subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, the fishing of overfished stocks, and overcapacity. It highlights the convergence among members on these three substantive areas and notes the goal of reaching a consensus at the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12) to protect food security and livelihoods dependent on healthy fish stocks.

The report evaluates wastewater treatment options for the Hartenbos estuary, finding that while a hybrid solution is most effective at reducing nutrient pollution, an artificial wetland offers the highest net benefits if ecological and tourism gains are included. It also highlights that reusing 50% of treated wastewater for irrigation by 2060 could support 330 additional hectares of agricultural land, enhancing water security and job creation.

The document examines the critical role of forests in climate regulation and biodiversity, noting that 420 million hectares have been lost since 1990. It analyzes the shift from failed attempts at a global forests convention to a polycentric governance system involving the UN Forum on Forests, REDD, and private sector deforestation commitments. The brief highlights the risks of carbon offsets and monoculture plantations, arguing that successful forest protection requires holistic valuation, strong political will, and the alignment of financial incentives.

The report identifies a high prevalence of extreme poverty (69%) and undernourishment (19%) in Malawi, driven by the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to crop failure and climate shocks. Projections to 2030 suggest that while chronic hunger may decrease, poverty will remain extremely high, and agricultural GHG emissions—particularly from livestock—are expected to rise by 4.4% annually. The Malawian diet is heavily reliant on maize, leading to significant micronutrient deficiencies and a lack of dietary diversity, especially in low-income households. The document notes the absence of a national definition for a 'healthy diet' and highlights the critical role of Official Development Assistance (ODA), with USD 360 million disbursed annually (2014–2018) to food system projects. Climate change impacts, including increased floods and droughts, are exacerbating food insecurity, prompting the government to implement adaptation strategies such as crop diversification and climate-smart agriculture.

The report examines Nigeria's food systems, highlighting a projected increase in chronic hunger and extreme poverty by 2030. It identifies livestock as the primary source of agricultural GHG emissions and notes significant climate vulnerabilities, particularly for rice yields. The analysis reveals a stark dietary divide between income groups, with wealthier households consuming more animal-based proteins. While national dietary guidelines and climate policies exist, the report finds a substantial gap in Official Development Assistance (ODA) required to meet SDG 2 targets.

The report identifies that reaching Canada's 2050 net-zero target requires the electricity share of C&I building heating to rise from less than 15% to at least 75%. It highlights barriers such as cheap natural gas, knowledge gaps in the HVAC workforce, and financing constraints. To address these, the authors propose five catalysts: developing near-term electrification plans, integrating electricity and natural gas regulation, aligning utility planning with net-zero pathways, implementing building performance standards, and leveraging public-private financing to crowd in private investment.

The report identifies that Canada must increase the share of electricity in commercial and institutional building heating from less than 15% to at least 75% by 2050 to reach net-zero goals. It highlights three primary obstacles: the low cost of natural gas, a lack of internal planning capacity and a 'business-as-usual' bias among technical experts, and significant capital constraints for building owners. To address these, the report proposes five catalysts: short-term electrification plans for businesses, integrating net-zero mandates into utility and regulatory frameworks, aligning utility planning with net-zero trajectories to ensure clean energy supply, establishing building performance standards, and developing innovative public-private financing models. Examples of progress include the bi-energy strategy in Quebec and performance standards in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal.

The report identifies that while light-duty EV adoption is progressing in Canada, medium- and heavy-duty vehicle (MHDV) electrification is lagging. It highlights three primary barriers: constrained vehicle supply, charging infrastructure gaps, and operational implementation challenges. To address these, the Electrifying Canada task force proposes four catalysts: the development of near-term corporate electrification plans, the alignment of utility planning with net-zero pathways, the establishment of ZEV sales mandates for MHDVs, and the use of public-private financing to crowd in private investment.

The report identifies the electrification of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs) as critical for Canada's 2050 net-zero goals, noting that this sector lags behind light-duty vehicle adoption. It highlights three primary obstacles: limited vehicle supply from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), charging infrastructure and grid capacity constraints, and high upfront capital costs. To address these, the document proposes catalysts including the development of short-term corporate action plans, the alignment of utility planning with decarbonization trajectories, the implementation of zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) sales mandates, and the creation of innovative public-private financing models.

The report examines the practices of international courts—including the ICJ, ITLOS, and human rights courts—regarding the award of compensation for state interference with private property. It contrasts these approaches with investor-state arbitration, highlighting the use of the 'full reparation' standard, the preference for restitution, and the application of equitable valuation techniques. The document suggests several reform paths for investor-state disputes, such as refining treaty language on reparation standards, increasing engagement with domestic mechanisms, and utilizing tribunal-appointed experts to reduce reliance on party-appointed experts.

The report identifies a critical gap between current Canadian utility planning and the electricity supply needed for net-zero, suggesting that consumption must at least double by 2050. It proposes five catalysts to accelerate this transition, focusing on three supply-side actions: embedding net-zero mandates into regulator and utility roles, aligning resource planning with decarbonization pathways, and leveraging private and Indigenous capital to fund infrastructure. The document highlights that while Canada has abundant renewable resources, conservative demand forecasting and regulatory frameworks focused solely on low cost and reliability currently hinder the necessary build-out.

The document identifies a critical gap between current electricity planning and the capacity needed for net-zero goals, proposing five catalysts—including regulatory reform and private investment—to accelerate the transition in Canada.