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This fact sheet from the Climate Policy Initiative provides an overview of public adaptation finance flows, primarily for the year 2013, detailing the sources, instruments, sectors, and geographic destinations of these funds.

This document is an appendix listing the federal and state legislation consulted for a report on forest restoration in the Amazon. It provides a comprehensive bibliography of laws, decrees, and resolutions from the Brazilian federal government and the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, and Roraima, focusing on environmental protection, climate change, and land regularization.

This technical report, prepared for the South African National Treasury by the Climate Policy Initiative and GreenCape, evaluates the international interoperability and usability of the South African Green Finance Taxonomy (SA GFT). The analysis focuses on three core pillars: Make a Substantial Contribution (MSC), Do No Significant Harm (DNSH), and Minimum Social Safeguards (MSS). While the SA GFT shows strong alignment with global standards in its environmental objectives and sectoral coverage, it faces significant challenges in the practical application and measurability of its DNSH and MSS criteria. The report recommends introducing more flexible alignment classifications, increasing the use of quantitative thresholds, and integrating existing national social regulations to enhance the taxonomy's usability and attractiveness for international investment.

The BDMG Regenerative Agriculture Fund is a financial instrument designed by the Development Bank of Minas Gerais (BDMG) to support farmers in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in transitioning to regenerative agriculture (RA). Developed through the FiCS Innovation Lab with technical support from the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and other partners, the fund addresses barriers such as high risk perception, lack of technical knowledge, and limited access to affordable credit. The instrument employs a tri-partite structure combining credit guarantees, technical assistance, and a production support fund to mitigate the financial and productivity risks associated with the transition to RA.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the relationship between regulation and capital availability for renewable energy expansion in Germany. It argues that while sufficient capital exists to meet government targets, a specific mix of investors and improved system flexibility are required to ensure cost-efficiency. The document provides policy recommendations across several regulatory areas, including auction design, funding mechanisms, and energy market structures, to reduce investor risk and lower electricity generation costs.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative examines how California's Cap and Trade Program, established under the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB32), influences investment decisions in the cement industry. Through financial modeling and stakeholder interviews, the authors analyze the impact of carbon pricing on three primary abatement strategies: energy efficiency, fuel switching, and the blending of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The study finds that while carbon prices make emissions reductions more financially attractive, significant non-price barriers—including short corporate payback period requirements, fuel supply uncertainty, and prescriptive customer procurement standards—often prevent firms from pursuing cost-effective abatement options.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative defines carbon finance and details the various instruments, markets, and regulatory frameworks used to price greenhouse gas emissions to incentivize reductions and fund climate mitigation.

This fact sheet from the Climate Policy Initiative explains Catastrophe (CAT) bonds, which are high-yield debt instruments used by insurers and governments to transfer natural disaster financial risks to capital market investors. The document details the structural triggers of these bonds, the roles of various providers, the capacity requirements for implementation, and the specific challenges and solutions for different market maturity levels.

This annexure provides a detailed source-sink mapping and cluster analysis for the decarbonization of India's steel sector using Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS). It identifies specific industrial clusters in the eastern region, estimates their CO2 emissions and storage requirements, and maps available storage capacities in saline aquifers and coal fields. Additionally, it outlines global CCUS operational projects and compares policy frameworks in the US, EU, UK, and China.

This research paper analyzes the impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on low-carbon investment and innovation in manufacturing firms. Based on interviews with approximately 800 firms across six European countries, the study examines how carbon pricing influences energy-saving measures, R&D for clean processes and products, and the strategic behavior of firms within the carbon market.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes climate finance flows in Ghana for 2019 and 2020, revealing a significant gap between the tracked annual average of USD 830 million and the estimated investment needs of USD 9.3-15.5 billion. The document details the dominance of public funding, the concentration of investments in the AFOLU and energy sectors, and the challenges associated with tracking private sector investments and adaptation finance.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains the role of concessional and private equity in financing climate change mitigation and adaptation. It details how equity can be used as a risk-absorbing instrument to mobilize commercial capital, particularly in emerging markets, and outlines the capacity and regulatory requirements for governments to effectively deploy these instruments.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative synthesizes survey results from 15 Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and Development Banks (DBs) from developed countries to evaluate their role in scaling up green and climate investments. It analyzes 2012 financial commitments, identifies barriers to scaling investment, and examines the institutions' approach to fossil fuel financing and risk management.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the shift in Amazon deforestation from large-scale to small-scale clearings. It highlights how remote sensing-based monitoring, while effective at reducing large clearings, fails to detect areas of 25 hectares or less, leading landholders in states like Mato Grosso and Pará to adapt their practices to avoid detection.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and NAPC/PUC-Rio analyzes the shift in deforestation patterns in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2012. It highlights a transition from large-scale clearing to small-scale clearing, which is harder to detect via satellite, and argues for the need to tailor public policies to regional differences, specifically comparing Mato Grosso and Pará.

The Climate Smart Shrimp Fund (CSSF), proposed by Conservation International, is a financial mechanism designed to help shrimp farmers transition to sustainable production systems while restoring mangrove ecosystems. The fund combines a technical assistance facility with a revolving debt facility to improve farm efficiency, reduce disease risks, and increase carbon sequestration.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains debt-for-climate swaps, which are financial mechanisms that cancel, exchange, or refinance sovereign debt in return for commitments to invest the savings into climate mitigation, adaptation, or conservation. The document details the different types of swaps (bilateral and tripartite), the internal and regulatory capacities required by Ministries of Finance to implement them, and the financial market conditions that influence their viability. It also outlines the risks, pricing drivers, and common challenges associated with these instruments, while providing examples of successful implementations in countries like Ecuador, Belize, and Seychelles.

The report identifies a USD 125 billion investment gap for Indonesia's 2025 clean energy targets and argues that while general guarantee products exist, none specifically target renewable energy. It proposes that a local credit guarantee, potentially developed by PT SMI, could catalyze private investment by addressing security gaps for small developers and improving risk-return profiles, despite challenges such as competition from corporate guarantees and bank demands for 'first demand' reimbursement.

This executive summary analyzes finance commitments for electricity and clean cooking access in 20 high-impact countries between 2013-14 and 2015-16. While electricity finance increased, it remains insufficient to meet 2030 universal access goals, with a significant geographical imbalance favoring Asia over Sub-Saharan Africa. Finance for clean cooking has decreased and remains critically low.

This report by CPI and the OECD explores methodologies for estimating private finance mobilized for climate adaptation in developing countries. It finds that private adaptation finance is significantly under-represented compared to mitigation (less than 10% of total mobilized private climate finance) and is difficult to track because private actors often integrate resilience into general business operations rather than labeling it as 'adaptation.' The study proposes four methodological approaches to capture direct and indirect mobilization, noting that while direct measurement is more practical, capturing indirect mobilization is essential to avoid underestimating total finance and to incentivize upstream public support.