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The document highlights that older adults are disproportionately affected by extreme heat due to physiological vulnerabilities and social isolation. It argues that while air conditioning is critical, it can be inaccessible due to poverty or power failures, and its use contributes to further warming. The report emphasizes that social connection is a primary defense against heat deaths and details successful community interventions in cities like Philadelphia and Phoenix, while warning that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates risks by increasing isolation.

The document describes how rising temperatures and forest management issues are increasing the frequency and intensity of wildfire smoke waves in the Western U.S. It highlights the danger of PM2.5 particles, which can enter the bloodstream and exacerbate respiratory conditions, potentially increasing the risk of death from COVID-19. The text also notes that other pollutants, such as industrial emissions and tear gas, further increase susceptibility to respiratory infections.

The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season was predicted to be more active than normal due to warmer-than-average water temperatures in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico and ENSO-neutral conditions. While climate change may not increase hurricane frequency, it is linked to a 25-30% increase in Category 4 and 5 storms per degree Celsius of warming, more rapid intensification, increased rainfall, and higher storm surges driven by rising sea levels.

The document reports that 94% of 242 analyzed U.S. cities saw an increase in average summer temperatures since 1970, with summer nights warming faster than days. It highlights that 74% of cities experienced at least one additional week of above-normal temperatures, with the most significant increases concentrated in the Southeast and Texas.

The document highlights the economic importance of the beer industry and the risks posed by climate change to barley, hops, and water supplies. It details adaptation efforts, such as the development of drought-resistant crops and water preservation partnerships, alongside operational sustainability measures like using recycled glass and clean energy.

Analysis of 242 U.S. cities since 1970 shows that 81% have warmed by at least 1°F, with the highest increases in the Southwest. Additionally, 80% of 195 analyzed cities are experiencing their average last freeze earlier in the season, contributing to longer growing seasons and associated increases in seasonal allergies and pest activity.

The 2010s saw a significant surge in billion-dollar disasters in the U.S., accounting for nearly half of all such events and costs since 1980. The decade recorded 119 billion-dollar disasters with costs exceeding $800 billion, with notable spikes in central states like Texas, Illinois, and Missouri. The document links these trends to climate change—specifically warmer oceans and a wetter atmosphere—and notes that pre-disaster adaptation spending saves an average of $6 in recovery costs.

The document details the extreme scale of the Australian fire season, noting that over 15 million acres burned. It attributes the increase in dangerous long-term conditions for bushfires to climate change, which has led to an earlier start of the fire season and record-breaking heat and dryness in 2019.

A Climate Central analysis of 239 U.S. cities reveals that 83% have seen an increase in annual average days with a heat index of 90°F or higher since 1979. The report highlights the danger of exertional heat illness (EHI), noting that heat-related illnesses are a leading cause of death or disability among high school athletes. It details regional trends, such as substantial increases in the Pacific Northwest and extended heat seasons in the South, while noting that climate change is intensifying these trends. The document provides safety recommendations for coaches and athletes, including the use of wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) monitoring and gradual heat acclimatization.

The report finds that hundreds of American houses of worship face chronic flooding by 2050, with thousands more at risk by 2100 if emissions remain unchecked. It highlights the particular vulnerability of Gulf and Southeast coast states, specifically Louisiana, Florida, and North Carolina, while suggesting that deep emissions cuts and local adaptive measures could significantly reduce these risks. Additionally, it discusses the energy footprint of religious buildings and provides recommendations for improving energy efficiency and adopting renewable energy to mitigate climate change.

Climate change is extending the freeze-free growing season in the United States, leading to longer periods of pollen exposure for nearly 20 million allergy sufferers. Analysis of 201 cities shows that 83% experienced longer growing seasons since 1970, with the most significant increases in the western U.S. Additionally, rising atmospheric CO2 levels are shown to increase the quantity and allergenicity of pollen from plants like ragweed.

Climate Central's analysis of U.S. weather data from 1970 to 2018 reveals a broad warming trend, with 91% of assessed stations seeing winter temperatures rise by at least 1°F. This warming threatens the winter sports economy, which supported over 191,000 jobs and contributed $11.3 billion to the national economy in the 2015-16 season. The report highlights a decline in below-freezing days and divergent snowfall trends, with significant decreases in the Western U.S. and increases in the Great Lakes region. Future projections suggest that unchecked emissions could rob states like Colorado of more than a month of below-freezing days by midcentury.

Climate Central analyzed temperature data from 244 U.S. cities to determine the increase in days falling within the 61-93°F range suitable for disease transmission by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. The analysis found that 94% of these cities are experiencing an increase in these 'disease danger days' since 1970, with significant increases noted in California, the Southwest, and some northern cities. While most areas face higher risks, some locations like Phoenix may become too hot for mosquito survival. The report also highlights that warmer temperatures shorten the Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) of viruses, potentially increasing the number of infectious mosquitoes and expanding the range of species like Aedes albopictus.

Climate Central's analysis of 244 U.S. cities reveals that 93% have seen an increase in cooling degree days and 87% have experienced more warm nights since 1970. The report highlights the role of urban heat islands and the increasing reliance on air conditioning, which costs Americans over $27 billion annually for home cooling as of 2015. While energy efficiency standards may reduce cooling electricity consumption by nearly 20% by 2040, the report warns that fossil-fuel-powered cooling and improper appliance disposal exacerbate climate change.

Climate Central's analysis of U.S. Forest Service records shows that the average annual number of large wildfires in the western U.S. more than tripled between the 1970s and 2010s, with the area burned increasing more than six-fold. The report attributes these trends to rising temperatures, decreased snowpack, and earlier snowmelt. Projections using the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) suggest that high-risk fire days will increase substantially by 2050, particularly in Southwestern states. The report also highlights the growing risk to populations living in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) and the health impacts of wildfire smoke.

The briefing compares the climate of East Rutherford, New Jersey, with other NFL cities, noting that while it is a cold-weather venue for Super Bowl XLVIII, it is not the coldest in the league. It highlights historical Super Bowl temperature extremes and records the highest one-day snowfall in NFL cities, specifically noting Foxborough, MA. Additionally, it cites MIT research indicating that temperatures below 50°F negatively impact field goal accuracy more than wind or precipitation.

The report finds that weather-related power outages in the U.S. have increased significantly, with weather causing 80% of all major outages between 2003 and 2012. It identifies the Midwest and East as particularly vulnerable regions and argues that climate change acts as a 'threat multiplier,' increasing the frequency and intensity of storms, heat waves, and flooding that strain an aging electrical infrastructure.

FloodVision provides photorealistic, street-level visuals of projected coastal flooding to help the public understand storm surge risks. The tool uses stereoscopic video, LiDAR, and GPS data combined with generative AI to model flood depths above road level, aligning with National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasts. Beyond immediate storm response, these visuals are intended for long-term resilience planning, such as securing funding and improving zoning decisions. The guide outlines a process for requesting curated visuals and establishes ethical guidelines to protect private property and ensure the tool supplements, rather than replaces, official government guidance.

Climate change is increasing the number of winter days with minimum temperatures above freezing across the Northern Hemisphere, leading to a reduction in snow cover and freshwater supplies. In the contiguous U.S., annual snowfall has decreased at 64% of 2,041 stations since 1970, and snow-derived freshwater in the western U.S. has fallen by 15-30% since 1955, with a further 25% decline projected by 2050.

Human-caused warming increases atmospheric thirst, leading to higher evaporation and transpiration, which worsens droughts globally and specifically in the western U.S. In the southwestern U.S., the 2000-2021 megadrought was the most severe in 1,200 years, with over 40% of its severity attributed to climate change. The western U.S. faces increasing risks of hydrological drought from declining snowpack and compound events involving heat, drought, and wildfires, which caused over $38 billion in damages during 2020-2021.