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The authors advocate for a diversified strategy to reach Canada's 2050 carbon neutrality goal, distinguishing between "safe bets" (commercialized technologies) and "risky bets" (emerging technologies). They argue that while safe bets can provide two-thirds of the emissions reductions needed by 2030, risky bets are necessary for cost-effective long-term elimination of emissions. The document calls for a combination of clear incentives for deployment and regulatory support for pilot projects, emphasizing public-private partnerships.

The authors propose a strategic approach to prevent Arctic oil exploration by leveraging technological spillovers. They argue that if environmentally friendly nations collectively refrain from extraction, the costs of entry will remain high, thereby deterring other countries from developing Arctic fossil fuels and avoiding a 'snowball effect' of increased exploitation.

The text proposes a unilateral strategy to prevent Arctic oil exploration by leveraging technological spillovers. It suggests that if greener countries coordinate to avoid extraction, they can keep costs high enough to discourage less environmentally concerned nations from entering the region. Norway, Canada, and potentially the U.S. are identified as pivotal actors in this strategy.

Canada can reach carbon neutrality by 2050 by deploying both 'safe bets' (proven technologies) and 'risky bets' (emerging solutions). The author emphasizes that the necessary framework already exists but requires political ambition and implementation to incentivize adoption by businesses and households. Furthermore, the document warns that without a deliberate policy framework, the energy transition could exacerbate inequalities, necessitating government intervention to ensure social, economic, and environmental justice.

The Canadian Climate Institute argues that reaching net zero by 2050 is possible if Canada implements a policy strategy that combines low-risk "safe bets" with high-risk "wild cards." The report recommends using climate accountability frameworks to manage uncertainty and implementing supportive policies to ensure the transition does not exacerbate existing inequalities.

The report finds that inland flooding represents the highest annual cost of climate change for Canadian infrastructure, with mid-range estimates between $5 billion and $8 billion per year. Proactive adaptation can significantly reduce costs for roads, rail, and the electrical grid, though it is less effective for permafrost thaw and inland flooding. The analysis highlights that while total costs are often concentrated in high-population areas like Ontario, specific geographic risks such as permafrost thaw disproportionately affect the three territories.

The Canadian Climate Institute states that Canada now has a credible climate plan aligned with its 2030 goals. The centerpiece is a carbon price increasing to $170/tonne by 2030, which the Institute argues minimizes overall economic costs while maintaining industrial competitiveness through production-based pricing. While the plan includes regulations for fuels, vehicles, and electricity, and supports low-carbon technologies, the Institute identifies a lack of a comprehensive national adaptation strategy as a remaining gap.

The Canadian Climate Institute asserts that Canada now possesses a credible climate plan capable of meeting its 2030 targets. The centerpiece of this strategy is a nationwide carbon price projected to reach $170/tonne by 2030, which the Institute claims minimizes overall economic costs while driving low-carbon innovation. The plan includes output-based pricing to maintain industrial competitiveness and quarterly rebates to ensure household affordability. While the document notes the inclusion of regulations for fuels, vehicles, and electricity, it identifies the lack of a national adaptation strategy as a current gap in the overall strategy.

The document highlights the escalating financial burden of climate change in Canada, noting that insured catastrophic losses from 2010 to 2019 were double those from 1983 to 2009. It emphasizes that 1.8 million Canadian homes face very high flood risks and calls for decisive investment in resilience to protect the economy, nature, and public health.

The document argues that Canada must prioritize climate adaptation through increased public funding, intergovernmental coordination, and enhanced transparency of climate risks to redirect investments toward resilience.

The report urges Canada to dramatically increase public investment in climate adaptation, establish a coordinated governance approach across all levels of government, and enhance the transparency of economic and social climate risks to better inform investment and planning decisions.

The author contends that Quebec's goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 is at risk because the current Plan does not specify the extent of local emission reductions or limit the use of carbon sequestration. Relying on natural processes is deemed less reliable due to risks like forest fires, while technological solutions remain theoretical. The document suggests that a lack of structural changes could lead to price spikes in carbon markets and recommends a mix of incentives and binding measures, such as eco-fiscality and shifting investment from road expansion to public transit.

The report argues that while Canada's greenhouse gas reduction goals are achievable, neither federal nor provincial governments are currently on track to meet them. It emphasizes that the energy sector is responsible for 80% of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions and urges the public to look beyond carbon pricing and pipelines to recognize the broader transformative potential of the energy transition. The text notes that other countries are managing this transition more organizedly, gaining economic advantages and avoiding future costly re-engineering risks.

The Canadian Energy Outlook 2018 argues that while Canada's greenhouse gas reduction targets are attainable, current federal and provincial actions are insufficient to meet them. It highlights the energy sector's role in producing over 80 per cent of Canada's emissions and notes that other countries are more effectively securing economic advantages through more aggressive GHG reduction strategies.

The document outlines design principles for output-based allocations (OBA) to address competitiveness concerns in carbon pricing, specifically for Alberta, the Canadian federal government, and provinces using cap-and-trade systems.

The author contends that climate, growth, and social goals are inseparable, warning that neglecting any of these dimensions undermines Canada's long-term competitiveness. The text highlights the vulnerability of high-emission provinces like Alberta and Saskatchewan, the growth potential of clean technology exports, and the disproportionate impact of climate change on low-income populations and Indigenous reserves. It concludes that recovery policies should move beyond a return to the status quo by addressing the interlinked nature of economic and social prosperity.

Nova Scotia has achieved significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions between 2005 and 2018 while maintaining economic growth, driven by fuel switching in electricity, energy efficiency, and a growing clean tech sector. However, the province faces structural unemployment in rural and Indigenous communities, high energy costs for households, and difficulties in decarbonizing the transportation sector to meet its target of net-zero emissions by 2050.

Nova Scotia has significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining economic growth, primarily through electricity sector decarbonization and energy efficiency. However, the province faces challenges including high rural unemployment, a continued reliance on fossil fuels for heating and transport, and air quality issues in rural areas.

The Canadian Climate Institute presents a framework of 11 indicators divided into goals (low-carbon growth, economic resilience), catalysts (technology development, adoption, trade, and infrastructure), and fundamentals (low-carbon jobs, affordable energy, inclusive resilience, clean air, and flourishing ecosystems). The report finds that while Canada has decoupled GDP from emissions nationally, progress is uneven across provinces. It highlights significant data gaps, particularly regarding climate costs, social vulnerability, and ecosystem health, and recommends cross-governmental collaboration and improved data correlation to support a just transition.

The Canadian Climate Institute identifies 11 indicators to track clean growth, categorized into goals (low-carbon growth and economic resilience), catalysts (technology development, adoption, trade, and infrastructure), and foundations (jobs, affordable energy, inclusive resilience, clean air, and ecosystems). The analysis reveals that while Canada has decoupled GDP from GHGs, progress is uneven across provinces, and significant data gaps hinder comprehensive policy tracking.