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This situation report analyzes the stability of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's transition government one year after its inauguration. It details a deepening crisis characterized by military rebellion in the east led by General Laurent Nkunda, internal political infighting among the three main belligerent components (PPRD, RCD-G, and MLC), and significant delays in critical reforms such as the reintegration of the national army.

This report provides an update on the transitional period in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on the Kivu provinces as of May 2004. It details the failure of the Transitional Government (TG) to unify military and administrative structures, the persistence of violence and poverty, and the ongoing tensions surrounding the nationality of the Banyarwanda and the influence of Rwanda.

This case study describes the application of the conflict-sensitive conservation (CSC) approach in Kahuzi Biega National Park (KBNP) in the Democratic Republic of Congo to mitigate tensions between the national conservation authority and local communities over natural resource extraction.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies argues that while illegal mining is a pervasive aspect of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), it is a manifestation rather than a root cause. The author contends that focusing solely on regulating the mining sector—through measures like the DRC's 2010-2011 mining ban or the US Dodd-Frank Act—without addressing underlying issues of governance, land, and ethnicity is insufficient for achieving sustainable peace.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It details the scale of attacks, the strategic intent behind the violence to destabilize communities, and the systemic failures that allow impunity, while suggesting regional political pressure and gender-focused conflict resolution as remedies.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies provides an update on the integration of the army and the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) process in the Democratic Republic of Congo as of September 2005. It details the FARDC's strategic plan to establish a new armed force, the roles of various national and international coordinating bodies, and the significant logistical and financial challenges—including 'ghost soldiers' and unpaid salaries—that threaten the stability of the transition and the upcoming 2006 elections.

This research paper examines the role of land tenure, migration, and competition for agricultural and pastoral land as structural and proximate causes of violent conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), specifically in the Kivu provinces and Ituri Territory. The authors argue that colonial-era dual property systems and post-colonial patrimonial rule under Mobutu transformed land from a communal social asset into a currency of political power and economic wealth, marginalizing rural populations and fueling ethnic tensions.

This report by Hans Romkema of the Life & Peace Institute analyzes the conflict dynamics in the Kivu provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It argues that while foreign interventions and refugee influxes have exacerbated the situation, the root causes are grounded in long-term bad governance, disputes over land and customary rights, and ethnic tensions. The author examines the internal divisions within the RCD-G, the structure of the Mayi-Mayi militias, and the challenges of the DDRRR (disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, reintegration, and resettlement) process, particularly regarding the FDLR. The report concludes that sustainable peace requires a focus on governance, the unification of the army, and cooperative economic and security relations between the DRC and Rwanda.

This briefing examines the challenges of completing the demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration (DDR) process and security sector reform (SSR) of the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It details the failures of previous DDR phases, the complexities of integrating various armed groups, and the lack of political will and donor coordination hindering the creation of a professional national army.