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This briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the impact of civil society organisations (CSOs) on the governance of Zimbabwe's diamond sector following the 2006 discovery of alluvial diamonds in Marange. It details how CSOs lobbied international bodies to redefine 'conflict diamonds' and pressured the Zimbabwean government to implement policy reforms, demilitarise mining areas, and improve transparency.

This research paper argues that the mined diamond industry faces an existential threat from synthetic diamonds, which are increasingly entering the gem market undetected. The author contends that the Kimberley Process (KP) must expand its mandate beyond conflict diamonds to include human rights and a robust traceability system for both rough and polished stones to preserve diamonds' status as a store of value.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the failure of the Kimberley Process (KP) to address human rights abuses and smuggling in Zimbabwe's Marange diamond fields. It argues that the KP's narrow definition of 'conflict diamonds'—which only covers rebel groups—is inadequate when abuses are perpetrated by state security forces. The authors call for a reform of the KP's definitions and monitoring mechanisms to include government accountability.

The Marange and Arda Transau Community Protocol is a document developed by the communities of Marange and Arda Transau to articulate their values, rights, and priorities in response to the negative impacts of diamond mining and forced relocation. It details the community's deep spiritual and cultural connection to their ancestral land, the environmental degradation caused by mining companies, and the social disruptions resulting from displacement. The protocol demands respect for traditional leadership, environmental rehabilitation, and the realization of constitutional and international rights regarding land, culture, and participation in decision-making.