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In 2022, Global Witness documented at least 177 killings of land and environmental defenders, with 88% occurring in Latin America. Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico accounted for over 70% of these deaths. The report highlights a critical situation in the Amazon, where 22% of global killings occurred, often linked to illegal mining and agroindustry. It also details the 'criminalization' of activists as a non-lethal strategy to silence dissent. The document advocates for the EU's proposed Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive to hold companies accountable for human rights and environmental abuses in their global supply chains.

The report identifies a predominantly right-leaning, Spain-based network that drives anti-renewable energy discourse in Spanish. It highlights how these actors use conspiratorial narratives—such as claims that wildfires are intentionally set to clear land for wind farms—and leverage cross-platform tactics to amplify misinformation. The analysis shows that while anti-renewable posts make up less than half of a sampled set, they generate 66% of total engagement, indicating a high impact relative to their volume.

The report identifies a network of Spanish-speaking accounts, primarily right-wing and based in Spain, that disseminate misinformation about renewable energy. Key narratives include claims that wildfires are intentionally set to clear land for wind farms and that renewable technologies harm wildlife or pollute the environment. The analysis reveals that these narratives often originate in other languages, are amplified by influential right-wing figures, and correlate with extreme weather events or policy changes.

The IISD provides free technical assistance and training to developing countries to help them design investment laws and policies that support sustainable development. Their services cover the entire investment lifecycle, from promotion and protection to dispute resolution, and include support for reforming investment treaties and aligning national policies with international best practices.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides pro bono technical advice, training, and workshops to developing countries to ensure foreign investment contributes to fair and sustainable development. Their expertise covers the entire investment life cycle—from promotion and facilitation to dispute resolution—and spans sectors such as energy, mining, and agriculture. IISD supports government officials in reforming investment treaties, aligning national instruments with international best practices, and navigating global investment governance forums like UNCTAD, WTO, and OECD. While services are generally pro bono, priority for funding is given to least developed countries.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides free technical advice, seminars, and training to developing countries to ensure foreign investments support equitable and sustainable development. Their expertise covers the entire investment lifecycle—from promotion and facilitation to dispute resolution—with a focus on reforming investment treaties, aligning national instruments with modern practices, and strengthening governance coordination. IISD operates across sectors including energy, mining, and agriculture, and supports government officials in navigating multilateral forums such as UNCTAD, the WTO, and the AfCFTA.

The report analyzes 588 peer-reviewed publications to map countermeasures against digital misinformation. It identifies four primary strategies—corrective information, information and media literacy, content moderation, and content labeling—but finds a significant gap in empirical validation, as less than one-fifth of the reviewed studies report on the effectiveness of their proposed solutions.

The document outlines a readiness proposal for Ecuador to overcome barriers in climate finance, specifically targeting the limited capacity of local financial institutions to integrate ESG standards, the lack of climate-resilient mechanisms in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), and institutional gaps in accessing international finance. The proposed solution involves four workstreams: strengthening local financial institutions' ESG integration, building government capacity for green bonds and debt-for-climate swaps, developing a National Green Taxonomy, and creating a strategic framework for climate-smart PPPs. The project will be implemented by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) over 18 months, focusing on the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) and the Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition (MAATE).

The report argues that while COVID-19 accelerated the deployment of biosurveillance tools, current systems remain too focused on specific known threats and lack the integration needed for true early warning. It details the structural and technical requirements for an ideal system—including metagenomic sequencing and AI-driven digital surveillance—and evaluates progress in the U.S. and various global regions. The authors recommend a shift toward pathogen-agnostic tools, increased funding for biodefense, and the establishment of regional hubs and international mechanisms to coordinate global responses to natural, accidental, or deliberate biological events.

The document argues that biogas and biomethane should primarily be reserved for hard-to-abate sectors like petrochemical production and industrial heating, as electrification via renewable energy is more cost-effective for power and heat. It highlights that biogas only addresses a minority of agricultural emissions (at most 28.9%) and warns that scaling production to meet targets, such as the EU's 35 bcm goal by 2030, could threaten food security by requiring significant arable land. Additionally, the briefing notes risks from fugitive methane emissions, high reliance on public subsidies, and safety hazards including explosions and toxicity.

The document examines how anti-fossil fuel norms—specifically the phase-out of coal, oil, and gas, the end of public financing for fossil fuels, and subsidy reform—can overlook the needs of marginalized communities and the Global South. It argues that while these norms create political momentum, they risk causing unintended inequitable consequences, such as asset stranding in developing nations, unless paired with financial support and a focus on energy access.

The paper estimates that US$ 14.66 billion in international development finance commitments targeted 'NbS-like' activities (combining climate and biodiversity objectives) between 2016 and 2020. It identifies a declining trend in both the total amount and the share of climate finance allocated to these activities since 2017. The analysis highlights significant funding gaps for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs), and suggests that project documentation often fails to provide detailed evidence that these funds deliver tangible biodiversity benefits.

The statement highlights the high risks faced by environmental defenders in Latin America, noting that 200 deaths were recorded in 2020 alone. It criticizes the lack of effective protection provided by the Escazu Agreement and the 30x30 conservation project, emphasizing that indigenous people and women are disproportionately targeted. The text calls for UN and US government intervention to protect these activists.

The September 2022 Nord Stream pipeline ruptures may represent the largest single methane emitting event ever recorded, with potential losses exceeding 500 kilotonnes of methane. While the exact amount entering the atmosphere is difficult to calculate due to cloud cover, ocean dissolution, and the speed of the event, the climate impact is significant. However, the briefing notes that the oil and gas industry's annual fugitive emissions, flaring, and venting total 82 million tonnes, meaning the industry emits an equivalent amount to the Nord Stream leaks every day. The author argues that up to 85% of these emissions could be cut using existing technology and targeted policy.

The report identifies significant gender disparities in the transport sectors of Panamá, Paraguay, and Uruguay, particularly regarding safety, employment, and mobility patterns. It argues that urban transport is often designed around a male commuter model, ignoring the 'mobility of care' typical of women's trips. The document highlights endemic gender-based violence in public transport and the disproportionate economic impact of COVID-19 on women. To address these, the E-Motion programme proposes a three-fold approach: using the transport sector to change social norms, increasing women's access to green jobs in electric vehicle (EV) markets, and systematizing gender mainstreaming in investment plans through capacity building and sex-disaggregated data collection.

The report assesses gender dynamics and barriers for climate entrepreneurs and support organizations in Latin America and West Africa, specifically focusing on Mexico, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal. It identifies systemic gaps in education, agriculture, and energy, and provides recommendations for the project's Executing Entities to increase women's participation in climate innovation.

The document examines the drivers of debt distress in developing countries, particularly in Africa, and critiques the inadequacy of current G7 and G20 relief mechanisms. It highlights how a shift toward private creditors and the failure of the G20 Common Framework to enforce private sector participation have hindered debt restructuring. The text advocates for a total dismantling of the current global financial architecture in favor of innovative domestic financing, increased transparency, and the establishment of an International Developing Country Debt Authority.

In 2025, Global Witness verified the killings of 124 land and environmental defenders, continuing a trend of lethal violence primarily concentrated in Latin America. The report identifies land disputes and extractive projects as primary drivers, with a significant increase in the role of organized crime and hitmen. It highlights the vulnerability of Indigenous peoples and small-scale farmers, who comprise 75% of the victims. The document argues against individual-focused security models, instead promoting 'collective protection'—community-led systems like Indigenous Guards—and calls for the ratification of the Escazú Agreement and the repeal of laws used to criminalize activism.

The report documents the killing of 124 land and environmental defenders in 2025, with Latin America remaining the most dangerous region. It highlights the role of organized crime, extractive industries, and state repression in these attacks, while advocating for 'collective protection' and the legal recognition of indigenous guards.

In 2024, Global Witness documented 146 land and environmental defenders murdered or disappeared globally, with 82% of cases occurring in Latin America. The report identifies mining as the deadliest industry and highlights the disproportionate targeting of Indigenous Peoples and small-scale farmers. It examines specific crises in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, the Philippines, Guatemala, and Palestine, while critiquing the failures of state protection mechanisms and the rise of criminalization. The document calls for the ratification of the Escazú Agreement, the implementation of mandatory corporate due diligence, and the formal recognition of defenders' roles in climate solutions ahead of COP30.