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The report explains that while provinces have broad authority over natural resources, the Canadian federal government can regulate oil and gas development through various 'heads of power' in the Constitution. It details the legal doctrines used by courts to resolve jurisdictional overlaps, such as 'double aspect' and 'incidental effects,' and analyzes twelve specific federal powers—including criminal law, fisheries, and interprovincial works—that allow the federal government to influence the oil and gas life cycle from production to closure.

The report presents two case studies—one from Zanzibar and one from Canada—to illustrate the practical application of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) in nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate adaptation. In Zanzibar, the 'Pamoja Voices' toolkit helped cooperatives identify gender-specific climate risks and restructure governance to include women and youth. In Canada, the Dane Nan Yḗ Dāh network demonstrates an Indigenous-led approach to land and wildlife monitoring that integrates traditional knowledge and intergenerational collaboration. Both cases emphasize the necessity of community-led processes, the use of disaggregated data, and the establishment of trust-based local partnerships to ensure that adaptation benefits are equitably distributed.

The report presents two case studies on integrating gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) into nature-based solutions (NbS) for adaptation. The first case study focuses on the Pamoja Voices toolkit used by cooperatives in Zanzibar to ensure women and youth are included in climate-resilience planning. The second case study examines the Dane Nan Yḗ Dāh Network in Canada, where Kaska Dena Land Guardians combine Traditional Knowledge with Western science for land and wildlife monitoring. Both cases emphasize the necessity of community-led approaches, intergenerational knowledge sharing, and the use of disaggregated data in monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) to avoid maladaptation and ensure equitable benefit sharing.

The document analyzes how international agreements, regional legislation, and industry competition hinder the removal of fossil fuel subsidies in aviation and shipping. It argues that while fuel taxation is often restricted by bilateral agreements or regional directives like the EU's Energy Taxation Directive, emissions levies through the ICAO and IMO offer viable pathways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fund the transition to sustainable fuels.

The South Korean government has announced a reduction in subsidies for biomass energy, which involves burning forests for electricity. This decision followed an Associated Press investigation and a citizen campaign led by Solutions For Our Climate and other allies. The author argues that biomass is not a climate solution, stating it emits more carbon than coal and drives deforestation in Indonesia, Canada, and the United States. The document calls for Japan and the UK to implement similar reductions in biomass subsidies to protect forests in Southeast Asia and North America.

The briefing identifies five priority areas for Canada to eliminate fossil fuel subsidies: reforming major tax credits, addressing losses from the Trans Mountain Pipeline expansion, ending support for carbon capture and storage, stopping LNG infrastructure subsidies, and ensuring low-carbon funds do not benefit fossil fuel companies. It highlights a lack of transparency, noting Canada failed to publish a promised inventory of subsidies by December 2024. The document also details provincial-level subsidies, including fuel tax cuts and infrastructure support, and calls for a comprehensive inventory of all financial supports to the sector.

Mighty Earth's 2024 review highlights significant private sector shifts, including JBS dropping 705 suppliers linked to deforestation and the postponement of JBS's IPO due to climate concerns. The organization also focused on expanding plant-based protein offerings among major retailers, challenging biomass policies in Japan, and launching a rewilding initiative for mountain lions in the Eastern United States.

The petition argues that the 1993 Recovery Plan's compartmentalized approach of managing grizzly bears in isolated recovery areas is outdated and fails to ensure long-term genetic and demographic resiliency. It proposes a unified metapopulation framework that manages bears as a single interconnected population across the Northern Rockies, requiring the establishment of natural connectivity and the implementation of stricter regulatory mechanisms to reduce human-caused mortality. The petitioners oppose current efforts by Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming to delist grizzly bears, asserting that recovery is premature without a connected metapopulation and durable protections against threats such as habitat fragmentation, climate change, and lethal management policies.

The document describes Canada's dual-track carbon pricing approach, distinguishing between consumer carbon taxes and industrial systems for large emitters. It details two primary industrial models—emissions-intensity based systems and cap-and-trade systems—and compares their application across different Canadian jurisdictions, highlighting the specific frameworks used in Alberta, Quebec, and the federal backstop system.

Canada employs a dual carbon pricing approach consisting of a consumer carbon price and an industrial carbon price for large emitters. To prevent carbon leakage and protect trade-exposed industries, Canada utilizes large-emitter trading systems (LETS), which primarily take the form of intensity-based systems or cap-and-trade. There are nine LETS across the country, including the federal output-based pricing system (OBPS) and Alberta's Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) Regulation, the latter being the largest due to Alberta's share of industrial emissions. Quebec operates the only cap-and-trade system in Canada, which is integrated with the Western Climate Initiative. The Northwest Territories uses a unique fuel levy with rebates rather than a trading system.

The document identifies smart grids as a 'safe bet' for Canada's energy transition, noting that while technologies like smart meters and virtual power plants are proven, their widespread adoption is hindered by regulatory barriers and consumer hesitation. It highlights existing provincial initiatives in Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia as models for scaling digital grid infrastructure to manage increasing electricity demand and integrate variable renewable energy.

The document identifies smart grids as 'safe bets' for Canada's energy transition, capable of increasing efficiency and reducing costs by managing peak demand through supply-side solutions like battery storage and demand-side tools like virtual power plants. While provinces such as British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario have implemented various smart grid applications, widespread adoption is hindered by regulatory barriers, outdated utility incentives, and consumer hesitancy. The author argues that provincial policymakers and regulators must update legislation and incentives to accelerate the deployment of digital grid infrastructure to meet growing electricity demand.

The report finds that climate change is significantly increasing the number of 'lost winter days' (days above freezing) across Canada, with some regions seeing an additional week of such days annually. The analysis highlights specific impacts in provinces like Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia, and major cities including Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal, noting consequences for snow accumulation, ice coverage, and winter industries.

A letter from medical professionals to Vancouver City Council arguing against the use of natural gas in new builds due to indoor air pollution, climate impacts, and the health risks associated with fracking.

CAPE advocates for a rapid transition away from fossil fuels, citing severe health impacts from fracking and oil sands, the failure of industry-led emissions reductions, and the necessity of Indigenous reconciliation in climate action.

The document refutes the claim that Canada can obtain internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement by exporting LNG. It asserts that such exports likely do not reduce global emissions and that foreign buyers would not provide credits for free. The brief further notes that using Article 6.2 for coal-to-LNG switching would be a costly subsidy for domestic gas producers and would violate commitments against subsidizing fossil fuels abroad.

The document asserts that Canada's oil and gas sector emissions, which comprise nearly one-third of the national total, are rising and threaten climate commitments. While supporting the proposed emissions cap, the brief warns that a 25 Mt cushion of 'compliance flexibilities'—specifically the Decarbonization Fund and internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs)—may allow firms to emit more without real reductions. It further cautions that domestic offsets should only be used if they are permanent and additional.

The report argues that hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs) are best suited for long-haul heavy-duty trucking due to superior payload capacity, range, and refueling speeds compared to battery electric trucks (BETs). However, adoption is currently stymied by a 'chicken-and-egg' infrastructure problem and high fuel costs, with public hydrogen in California costing approximately $25/kg compared to a diesel-competitive price of roughly $6.50/kg. While California is the primary driver of adoption due to regulations like the Advanced Clean Fleet and Advanced Clean Trucks rules, projections from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) suggest slow penetration unless significant interventions occur. The report recommends prioritizing the reduction of pump prices—even if it requires accepting higher carbon intensity in the short term—and streamlining infrastructure permitting to enable a transition away from diesel by 2030.

The document argues that claiming climate credits for LNG exports is likely impossible and environmentally unsound. It highlights the difficulty of proving 'additionality'—that exports actually cause a switch from coal to gas—and warns that such a mechanism could lead to overstated emissions reductions. The author concludes that any feasible route to these credits would require costly subsidies that would violate Canada's own policies and lock in fossil fuel infrastructure.

The document argues that fossil fuel sponsorship of political gatherings, specifically the UBCM Convention, constitutes greenwashing and improperly influences municipal decision-making. It links fossil fuel combustion to severe health crises, including 8.1 million annual global deaths from air pollution and extreme weather events in British Columbia such as the 2021 heat dome and historic wildfires. The authors call for a total ban on fossil fuel advertising and sponsorship in BC municipalities, drawing parallels to the historical ban on tobacco industry influence in medicine.