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This research paper by Mzukisi Qobo examines the global and domestic landscape of beneficial ownership transparency, focusing on the implementation of G20 High-Level Principles. It analyzes the challenges faced by South Africa and other African nations in curbing illicit financial flows (IFFs), money laundering, and corruption, while reviewing the regulatory approaches of several G20 member states.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes the development of the UN Global Compact for Migration (GCM) and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). It examines the differences between the two frameworks, the challenges of defining 'migrants' versus 'refugees', and the specific risks associated with the low level of participation from African states in the GCM process.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines Africa's potential to become a global green hydrogen hub and outlines how G20 members can support a just energy transition on the continent. It highlights Africa's competitive advantages in renewable energy and infrastructure while detailing specific national projects and regional frameworks necessary for scaling production.

This policy brief by Andre W. Cooper examines how middle-power countries recalibrate their diplomatic strategies in a multipolar global environment. It contrasts the approaches of the MIKTA grouping, South Africa's alignment with BRICS, and Canada's shift from broad multilateralism toward a more consolidated focus on strategic Western allies.

The G20 Energy Access Action Plan is a multi-phase voluntary collaboration framework designed to strengthen G20 member cooperation on energy access. The first phase specifically targets improving electricity access in sub-Saharan Africa through six strategic pillars: policy and regulatory environments, technology deployment, investment and finance, capacity building, regional integration, and coordination. The plan emphasizes sharing knowledge and good practices while respecting the sovereign right of nations to determine their own energy mix.

The Production Gap Report 2023 finds that global governments plan to produce significantly more fossil fuels by 2030 and 2050 than is consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. Despite net-zero pledges, many major producers continue to plan for increases in coal, oil, and gas production, creating a misalignment between production plans and climate goals.

The 2021 Production Gap report by the Stockholm Environment Institute finds that global government plans for fossil fuel production in 2030 are more than double what is required to limit warming to 1.5°C. Despite net-zero pledges, most major producers plan to increase or maintain production, and G20 nations have provided more new funding to fossil fuels than clean energy since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This document provides a detailed breakdown of climate finance flows to the Republic of the Marshall Islands between 2010 and 2014, detailing the amounts, sources, and policy objectives of the funding.

This research paper excerpt provides a detailed breakdown of climate finance flows to Palau between 2010 and 2014, detailing the amounts, sources, and specific policy objectives of the funding.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute explainsL explains Energy Savings Certificates (ESCs), which are tradable certificates representing energy savings—typically one megawatt-hour (MWh)—used by utilities to meet energy efficiency targets in compliance and voluntary markets.

This policy brief by the World Resources Institute examines the necessity and current state of a regulatory framework for carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) in China. It argues that while China relies heavily on coal and views CCS as a critical tool for reducing emissions, it lacks a comprehensive domestic regulatory framework to ensure environmental health, safety, and efficacy, particularly regarding geologic storage.

This report by the World Resources Institute examines Concentrating Solar Thermal power (CST) as a large-scale, zero-carbon alternative to coal-fired power generation. It highlights the role of thermal storage in providing baseload power and discusses the policy and economic barriers—such as high upfront capital costs and the need for carbon pricing—that must be addressed to accelerate global deployment, particularly in rapidly developing economies.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute assesses potential future risks to the global climate by analyzing proposed new coal-fired power plants and global coal market trends.

This testimony by Sarah Forbes of the World Resources Institute (WRI) to the U.S. House of Representatives emphasizes the urgent need for a global network of carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstrations to mitigate climate change, specifically highlighting the necessity of collaboration with China and the establishment of international funding and regulatory frameworks.

This report by the World Resources Institute evaluates Australia's policy framework for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, focusing on the Clean Energy Future package and its ability to meet international commitments by 2020.

This research paper analyzes tree cover loss from 2001 to 2024 in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States, finding that while Indigenous- and community-held lands have lower overall deforestation rates, they are increasingly vulnerable to extreme wildfires. The study highlights a fifteenfold increase in fire-driven loss in Brazil and significant losses in Australia during the 2019–20 season, attributing these trends to climate change and land-clearing fires. It recommends securing land rights, reviving cultural burning traditions, and supporting Indigenous-led fire management to protect biodiversity and climate stability.

Dr. Jonathan Pershing of the World Resources Institute provided testimony to the US Senate Environment and Public Works Committee supporting the America’s Climate Security Act of 2007 (S. 2191). He argued that the bill's cap-and-trade system would provide a necessary price signal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at modest economic costs while positioning the United States to lead international climate action.

This research paper examines the trends and drivers of China's overseas investments in the wind and solar industries, analyzing at least 124 investments across 33 countries over a ten-year period.

This guide by the World Resources Institute provides a framework for community engagement in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects, targeting project developers, regulators, and local communities to foster two-way communication and respect for local values during the deployment of climate mitigation technologies.

A World Resources Institute fact sheet presenting a map of historic carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion between 1900 and 1999, categorized by industrialized and developing regions.