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The submission contends that ISDS mechanisms allow fossil fuel companies to shift the financial risk of stranded assets onto taxpayers and create a 'regulatory chill' that discourages governments from implementing emissions-reduction policies. It highlights that the fossil fuel industry is the most litigious sector in ISDS, accounting for nearly 20% of cases. The authors argue that the perceived benefits of investment agreements in attracting renewable energy are unproven, while the costs—including massive compensation awards—are high. To align investment law with the Paris Agreement, the document recommends the OECD explore multilateral termination of treaties, the removal of protections for carbon-intensive investments, and the creation of 'climate carve-outs' to exempt climate-related measures from arbitration.

The submission contends that ISDS mechanisms allow foreign investors, particularly in the fossil fuel industry, to challenge climate policies and shift the financial risk of stranded assets onto taxpayers. It highlights a 'regulatory chill' effect where states may avoid implementing environmental rules to evade costly arbitration. The authors argue that the perceived benefits of investment treaties in attracting capital are unproven, while the costs—including massive compensation awards—are high. To resolve this, the document recommends that the OECD promote multilateral termination of treaties, the removal of protections for carbon-intensive investments, and the creation of 'climate carve-outs' to ensure that measures aligned with the Paris Agreement cannot be interpreted as treaty breaches.

The submission argues that current international investment agreements and the ISDS system create a 'regulatory chill' that discourages states from implementing urgent climate policies. It highlights the risk of fossil fuel companies using ISDS to secure massive payouts for 'stranded assets' and recommends that the OECD support multilateral termination of old treaties, the removal of protections for carbon-intensive investments, and the creation of climate-related carve-outs.

Three separate lawsuits were filed in early 2022 against the Argentinian Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development to stop offshore seismic testing by Equinor. These cases focus on the protection of the Southern Right Whale, the incompatibility of fossil fuel exploration with Argentina's Paris Agreement commitments and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), and violations of the Escazú Agreement regarding public participation and environmental information. The court combined these three lawsuits on January 14, 2022.

The report outlines Indonesia's need for USD 322.8 billion in climate-compatible infrastructure by 2030, focusing on renewable energy, low-carbon transport, sustainable water, and waste management. It highlights a significant financing gap and argues for the use of green bonds, blended finance, and de-risking mechanisms to attract private investment. The document also details the role of the SDG Indonesia One platform and the ASEAN Catalytic Green Finance Facility in bridging these gaps.

ClientEarth is pursuing a 'world-first' derivative action against Shell's Board of Directors, arguing that the Board has breached its legal duties under the UK Companies Act by failing to properly prepare the company for the net zero transition. ClientEarth asserts that Shell's current climate strategy is insufficient, noting that its net zero target is not reflected in budgets and that its 'Energy Transition Strategy' focuses on 'carbon intensity' rather than absolute emissions reductions. The litigation seeks to compel the Board to align Shell's strategy with the Paris Agreement to protect the company's long-term commercial viability.

The document advocates for a dedicated EU Soil Health Law by 2023 to address the fact that 60-70% of EU soils are unhealthy. It argues that such a law is legally viable under the 'integration principle' of Article 11 TFEU and the principle of subsidiarity, as soil degradation has transboundary effects on climate, biodiversity, and food security. The brief emphasizes the role of the LUCAS Soil database in providing the science-based monitoring necessary for the law's implementation.

The report analyzes 2021 renewable energy generation in the continental U.S., estimating a total of 606,000 GWh from wind (73%) and solar (27%). It highlights Texas as the leader in raw wind generation and California in raw solar generation, while also examining generation normalized by land area and population. The document compares these figures against the Net Zero America Project's 2030 target of 2.2 million GWh per year, concluding that while current growth is accelerating, the U.S. needs to nearly double its annual increase in generation to stay on track for net-zero emissions by 2050.

The document analyzes India's power sector financing between 2013 and 2019, noting that while utility-scale renewables dominate tracked commitments, continued investment in coal-fired power remains a significant barrier to Paris Agreement alignment. It highlights the risk of stranded assets in the thermal sector and recommends a shift toward green bonds, improved transmission infrastructure, and the accelerated decommissioning of old coal plants to meet 2030 climate targets.

The document analyzes power sector financing in Indonesia from 2015 to 2020, revealing a significant investment gap in renewables and a continued reliance on fossil fuels. While international finance for coal dropped sharply after 2018, domestic finance remains heavily skewed toward fossil fuels. To meet the 2060 Net Zero target, Indonesia requires USD 16.1 billion in annual renewable energy investment, far exceeding the tracked average of USD 2.7 billion. The report highlights solar energy as having the largest investment gap and suggests leveraging blended finance, green sukuks, and the Energy Transition Mechanism to accelerate the transition.

The document outlines eleven specific recommendations to strengthen the EU ETS, arguing that the European Commission's proposal lacks sufficient ambition and fails to properly implement the 'polluter pays' principle. Key demands include increasing the 2030 emission reduction target to 70% for ETS sectors, phasing out free emission allowances for energy-intensive industries, and expanding the system's scope to include waste incineration and all international shipping voyages. It also suggests strengthening the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) to prevent price crashes and calls for stricter criteria for the use of ETS revenues to ensure they support climate action. Additionally, the guide provides a communication framework based on urgency, risk, and fairness, alongside a directory of key policymakers in the European Commission and Parliament.

The document asserts that the EU's current target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 is incompatible with the 1.5°C temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. It argues that the EU would require double its per capita share of the remaining global carbon budget under current policies. The author suggests the EU should instead target at least a 65% reduction by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2040. To achieve this, the briefing recommends reforming the EU ETS by rebasing emission levels to actual 2020 levels and increasing the annual linear reduction factor beyond the proposed 4.2%.

The GCF is developing its own Environmental and Social Safeguards (ESS) to replace the interim IFC Performance Standards. The proposed framework expands from eight to ten standards, adding dedicated standards for Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (ESS 9) and Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation (ESS 10). Key updates across all standards include a shift from a 'do-no-harm' to a 'do-good' approach, emphasizing the generation of positive co-benefits, the integration of circular economy principles, and a stronger focus on human rights, gender equality, and intersectionality. The document outlines specific structural and content changes for each standard, including new requirements for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure, the use of a precautionary approach, and enhanced protections for Indigenous Peoples and vulnerable groups.

Natural Justice critiques the South African Oceans Economy Master Plan to 2035, stating it lacks concrete analysis on greenhouse gas mitigation and contradicts global scientific consensus by proposing offshore oil and gas exploration. The commentary highlights a 'troubling absence' of biodiversity considerations and fails to address the needs of small-scale and subsistence fishers. It further argues that the plan's job creation claims lack factual support and that the public participation process was flawed, excluding many marginalized coastal communities.

A U.S. court vacated a massive offshore oil and gas lease sale in the Gulf of Mexico, ruling that the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) acted arbitrarily by failing to provide a quantitative estimate or specific explanation regarding downstream greenhouse gas emissions from reduced foreign consumption in its 'no-go' alternative analysis.

The document analyzes power sector financing in Indonesia from 2015 to 2020, revealing a significant investment gap for renewables and a continued reliance on fossil fuels. While international finance for coal dropped sharply after 2018, domestic finance remains heavily skewed toward fossil fuels. To meet the 2060 Net Zero target, Indonesia requires USD 16.1 billion annually for renewables, compared to a tracked average of USD 2.7 billion. The report highlights solar energy as having the largest investment gap and suggests leveraging blended finance, green sukuk, and the Energy Transition Mechanism to phase out coal and scale up clean energy.

The Energy Institute has introduced an environmental policy and shifted its governing council toward renewable energy expertise, but it maintains significant financial ties to the fossil fuel industry through memberships and event sponsorships. While it no longer invests in arms companies, its investment transparency remains limited, and it has not committed to a formal policy excluding all fossil fuel investments.

The report by Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) finds that the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) maintains significant financial ties to the arms and fossil fuel sectors through investments, corporate partnerships, and sponsorships. Despite adopting an ESG policy in 2019 and setting a net-zero target for its own operations, the IET has not excluded any asset types from its investments. SGR highlights that the IET invests in funds containing thermal coal, oil sands, and various controversial and nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the IET maintains corporate partnerships with numerous arms companies and fossil fuel giants like BP and Shell. SGR argues these links contradict the IET's stated values of integrity and its goal of 'working to engineer a better world', especially as peers in other scientific and medical fields have moved toward full divestment.

The report by Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) finds that the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) lacks transparency regarding its investments, making it impossible to determine the full extent of its financial ties to fossil fuels and arms. While IMechE has implemented some internal sustainability measures, such as LED lighting and travel reduction, it maintains corporate links to arms companies like Meggitt and Rolls Royce, and fossil fuel company Fugro, through its Company Based Registration scheme. SGR argues these links contradict IMechE's professional code of conduct and its role as a climate change thought leader, noting that several peer organisations have already divested from such industries.

The document provides a detailed table and supplementary notes on fossil fuel companies, tracking their emissions intensity pathways against 1.5°C and 2°C targets. It highlights that many major companies, including BP, Chevron, and Saudi Aramco, have emissions intensity pathways outside the 2°C target. The report also identifies companies with interests in tar sands, such as ExxonMobil and Royal Dutch Shell, and notes that the SBTi stopped accepting commitments from fossil fuel companies in March 2022. Additionally, it documents environmental disasters, corruption allegations, and disinformation campaigns linked to these entities.