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This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the systemic failures of carbon offsetting, arguing that these mechanisms often increase global emissions rather than reduce them. The document details how both compliance and voluntary carbon markets suffer from low environmental integrity, lack of additionality, and fraudulent practices, particularly in forestry projects. It concludes that carbon offsets are not a valid climate solution and that priority must be given to direct emission mitigation over offsetting or unproven large-scale carbon removal technologies.

This research paper examines voluntary biodiversity credits (VBCs) as a mechanism to bridge the global biodiversity funding gap. It argues that because the standalone business case for VBCs is currently weak, they should be integrated into hybrid financing models—such as carbon markets and debt-for-nature swaps—to attract private investment and ensure scalable conservation outcomes.

This case study by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the drivers of infectious diseases in Bharatpur, Nepal, and evaluates how nature-based solutions (NBS) can mitigate these hazards alongside basic urban infrastructure.

This report provides case studies and guidance on integrating gender-responsive and socially inclusive (GESI) practices into nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate change adaptation to address a gap in evidence regarding GESI outcomes in such projects.

This report by the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre evaluates the cost-benefit ratio of implementing nature-based infrastructure (NBI) to mitigate flood risks in the Drakenstein Municipality of South Africa, specifically focusing on river restoration in the Berg River catchment.

This report provides an economic valuation of the new phase of the "Freetown the Treetown" initiative in Freetown, Sierra Leone, which uses nature-based infrastructure (NBI) to combat deforestation and climate change. The assessment evaluates two planting scenarios to determine the societal and financial returns of reforestation efforts aimed at reducing natural hazards and carbon emissions.

This report examines the implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS) for municipal stormwater management in Sweden. It finds that while NbS principles are widely embedded in municipal planning, they are rarely called by that specific name. Key barriers to adoption include a lack of standardized cost data—especially for operations and maintenance—and a failure of policy frameworks to fully account for the multiple co-benefits of NbS. The report recommends standardizing cost libraries, clarifying stakeholder responsibilities, and broadening the focus of co-benefits to include heat island reduction and carbon sequestration.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the challenges of achieving equitable access to urban green spaces in low- and middle-income countries, with a focus on informal settlements. It argues that top-down planning often fails to meet the specific needs of marginalized populations and advocates for community-led, inclusive governance to improve public health and environmental resilience.

The report "Resilience Science Must-Knows" provides a science-based framework for decision-makers to build systemic resilience. It distills decades of research into nine core principles, emphasizing that resilience is not merely "bouncing back" but the capacity to cope, adapt, and transform. The document highlights the urgency of this approach as the Earth enters the Anthropocene, where human activity pushes planetary boundaries and creates cascading risks across interconnected global systems.

This report by Transforma provides a comprehensive guide for the financial sector to integrate nature-related risks and opportunities into business models. It identifies four primary barriers—undervaluation of nature, regulatory gaps, challenges in nature-based financing, and a knowledge gap—and proposes strategies to overcome them. A significant portion of the document is dedicated to detailing the 'Locate' phase of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) LEAP approach, offering a roadmap for financial institutions to identify the geographical and sectoral intersections of their portfolios with the natural environment.

This report uses the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) tool to evaluate the 'One School, 5 Hectares of Forest' initiative in Côte d'Ivoire, specifically focusing on a 5-hectare project at the Collège moderne de Bougousso. The assessment compares Nature-Based Infrastructure (NBI) against grey infrastructure and business-as-usual scenarios, finding that reforestation provides superior cost-effectiveness and diverse socio-economic benefits.

This 2024 report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-RIO monitors the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It details the progress of various Brazilian states in registering rural properties, analyzing those registrations, and formalizing environmental recovery through Terms of Commitment (ToC).

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Amazon 2030 analyzes legal partnership models in Brazilian administrative law to facilitate the large-scale restoration of degraded public lands, particularly in the Amazon. It evaluates the current standard of forestry concessions alongside alternatives such as ordinary tenders, common public service concessions, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), assessing their viability, risk distribution, and applicability to different land categories.

This guide from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), originally published on the weADAPT platform, outlines eight primary topics expected to dominate the COP29 climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan. The document highlights the conference's role in shaping global climate policy, specifically focusing on the establishment of new financial goals, the operationalization of loss and damage funds, and the intensification of national climate commitments.

This report by the NAP Global Network evaluates the integration of nature-based solutions (NbS), ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), and biodiversity considerations within 57 multi-sector national adaptation plan (NAP) documents submitted to the UNFCCC as of July 31, 2024.

This report by the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre provides an economic valuation of agroforestry activities in Eswatini, specifically within the Smallholder Agriculture Productivity Enhancement and Marketing Project (SAPEMP). It assesses the potential of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) to improve agricultural productivity and hazard protection.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines Nature-based solutions (NbS) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), detailing their potential for climate mitigation and adaptation alongside significant risks regarding biodiversity, land rights, and greenwashing.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explores the 'bioeconomy'—the use of natural resources to support economic growth and environmental health. It details three primary conceptual approaches (biotechnology, bio-resources, and bio-ecology) and examines how different nations, particularly Brazil, are implementing strategies to balance economic development with biodiversity conservation and social equity.

This briefing outlines key priorities and advocacy goals for African environmental defenders attending the CBD COP16 and UNFCCC COP29 negotiations, focusing on human rights protections, biodiversity targets, and climate finance.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics argues that nature and ecosystem services provide immense economic value, often exceeding the gains from their exploitation, and that the costs of biodiversity loss pose systemic risks to global GDP and financial stability.