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The case study highlights Sri Lanka's progress in linking sustainable development, climate change, and disaster risk reduction, noting that alignment is facilitated when a single ministry, the Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, leads the processes. It identifies the iterative updates of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) as key opportunities for further alignment and suggests that integrating monitoring and evaluation systems can create significant efficiencies.

The document highlights Colombia's progress in aligning its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) strategy. It notes that these policy processes reference one another to provide coherent adaptation messaging and suggests further alignment through improved information-sharing tools, sub-national capacity building, and enhanced monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems.

The Government of Kenya has aligned its climate and development efforts by integrating the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2015–2030 and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) into the National Climate Change Action Plan 2018–2022 (NCCAP). While alignment is achieved through identifying synergies in policy documents, the study identifies needs for better coordination, financing strategies, and monitoring systems.

Albania is highly vulnerable to extreme weather, particularly floods and droughts, despite having 100 per cent renewable power generation. To address this, the government established the Inter-Ministerial Working Group on Climate Change in 2014 and developed a National Adaptation Plan (NAP), making it the only Balkan country to do so. With support from the NAP Global Network and GIZ, Albania has integrated adaptation into its National Strategy on Climate Change (approved July 2, 2019) and is working on urban resilience through 'Action 12', which requires an estimated USD 50 million in funding for municipal adaptation plans.

The GCF Secretariat report for the period ending 31 August 2019 details progress toward its 2019 goals. Key achievements include the approval of 66 additional funding proposals (public and private) and the signing of 81 Funded Activity Agreements (FAAs), meeting the annual KPI for legal agreements. The Secretariat advanced the first formal replenishment process, with pledges reaching USD 5.9 billion by August 2019. Efforts to strengthen country ownership included technical support for 32 countries' programming and the approval of 61 readiness grants. The report also highlights the development of the 2020–2023 Strategic Plan and the operationalization of a complementarity and coherence framework with other climate funds like the GEF and Adaptation Fund. Challenges remain in the slow disbursement of readiness funds due to delivery partner capacity and the need for further expertise to implement the SEAH Policy.

The document argues that explicit consideration of the water cycle is essential for effective climate change mitigation and adaptation. It outlines a six-step process for integrating water into NDCs, including establishing institutional arrangements, assessing priorities, and aligning with finance processes. The guide emphasizes that effective water management can improve water security, lower emissions, and support carbon sequestration through actions such as managing the water-energy nexus and preserving wetlands.

Colombia has made significant progress in aligning its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), National Adaptation Plan (NAP), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) strategy. The National Planning Department (DNP) plays a central role in coordinating these agendas, particularly by using the SDG agenda as the entry point for the 2018–2022 National Development Plan. While synergies exist—such as the NAP serving as the basis for the NDC's adaptation component—the document identifies a lack of formal coordination mechanisms between the national climate change system (SISCLIMA) and the High-Level Commission for the SDGs, as well as between the National Disaster Risk Management System and the NAP process.

The Government of Kenya has integrated its climate adaptation, disaster risk management, and sustainable development goals through a systemic alignment of policy frameworks. Central to this is the National Climate Change Action Plan 2018–2022 (NCCAP), which serves as the implementation vehicle for both the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2015–2030 and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The document highlights that while strategic alignment exists in policy documents, further opportunities for enhancement lie in improving coordination mechanisms, sharing climate risk information, harmonizing financing strategies, and coordinating monitoring and evaluation systems.

The document analyzes the institutional and policy landscape of climate-resilient development in Sri Lanka, identifying existing synergies between the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It highlights that having the Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment lead both sustainable development and climate change coordination simplifies alignment. The study identifies four key entry points for enhanced strategic alignment: updating the NDC and NAP, developing the National Policy and Strategy on Sustainable Development (NPSSD), establishing integrated monitoring and evaluation systems, and initiating provincial adaptation planning.

The document examines the institutional coordination and policy alignment in Colombia regarding climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development goals. It highlights the central role of the Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP) and identifies synergies between the National Adaptation Plan (PNAD), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), and the Sendai Framework. The study proposes strengthening formal coordination between the National Climate Change System (SISCLIMA) and the High-Level Commission for the SDGs, as well as improving vertical integration between national and subnational governments.

The document analyzes Kenya's systemic alignment of climate adaptation, disaster risk management, and sustainable development goals. It highlights the role of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), both implemented through the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018-2022. The study identifies synergies across policy documents and suggests improvements in coordination mechanisms, climate risk information sharing, harmonized financing, and integrated monitoring and evaluation systems.

Sri Lanka is transitioning from informal to strategic alignment of its climate and development policies. The country benefits from having both sustainable development and climate change under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Development and Environment of Mahaweli. Key policy instruments include the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2016-2025 and the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), both of which are closely linked and scheduled for updates. The document identifies four primary entry points for improving alignment: the updating of NDCs and the NAP, the development of the National Sustainable Development Strategy and Policy (NPSSD), the creation of integrated monitoring and evaluation systems, and the integration of adaptation into provincial planning processes.

The document analyzes the institutional mechanisms and policy frameworks Colombia uses to integrate climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development goals. It identifies significant synergies between the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) strategy, while highlighting the need for formal coordination mechanisms between key national commissions to avoid duplication and improve subnational implementation.

The document analyzes Kenya's systemic alignment of the Paris Agreement, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It highlights how the National Climate Change Action Plan (PANCC) 2018–2022 serves as a primary implementation tool for both the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), integrating disaster risk management and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into a shared vision for climate-resilient development.

The document analyzes the institutional frameworks and policy synergies in Sri Lanka aimed at integrating the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It identifies key entry points for strengthening this alignment, including the updating of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), the development of National Policies and Strategies for Sustainable Development (NPSSD), and the creation of integrated monitoring and evaluation systems.

The briefing discusses the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit, highlighting the need to accelerate action due to IPCC warnings and youth-led climate strikes. It notes that while mitigation has seen progress with 183 parties submitting NDCs, adaptation remains severely under-implemented, particularly in developing countries. The author advocates for the integration of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) into global strategies, noting its dual benefit for resilience and carbon sequestration, especially in Africa.

The report analyzes the gender-specific vulnerabilities in Togo's climate-sensitive sectors and provides a framework for integrating gender into the National Adaptation Plan (NAP). It identifies systemic barriers, such as limited land rights and low literacy for women, and recommends sex-disaggregated indicators and inclusive decision-making across agriculture, water, energy, and health sectors.

The document examines how countries align their NAPs and NDCs under the Paris Agreement as a foundation for broader alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction to achieve climate-resilient development.

The document analyzes the vulnerability of MSMEs in low- and middle-income countries to physical and transition climate risks, highlighting how these risks are amplified through value chains. It identifies significant barriers to adaptation, including limited access to climate data, finance, and technical skills. The authors argue for a participatory, inclusive approach where MSMEs are not only resilient but also act as providers of adaptation goods and services, supported by state policies, large businesses, and financial institutions.

The document argues that climate services—the production and use of climate knowledge for decision-making—are essential for adaptation but are currently underdeveloped and misaligned with user needs in the developing world. It identifies critical gaps in the use of long-term climate projections, which are often unsuitable for planning horizons of 10-30 years, and calls for a shift toward resilience-based approaches and improved national meteorological service (NMS) capacity. The authors propose ten recommendations focused on co-production between providers and users, filling observational data gaps, and reforming data policies to treat meteorological data as a public good.