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This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines four strategic priorities for the Biden administration to restore U.S. leadership in international climate finance. It argues that the U.S. must scale up funding to meet global commitments, specifically targeting the Green Climate Fund, other multilateral institutions, the integration of climate goals across all development funding, and the alignment of multilateral development banks with the Paris Agreement.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute evaluates the progress of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) in aligning their financial flows with the Paris Agreement. While a framework has been outlined, the authors argue that MDBs lack specific implementation dates, clear assessment criteria for mitigation and adaptation, and standardized reporting metrics.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute analyzes the 2018 Joint Report on Climate Finance from six major multilateral development banks (MDBs). While total climate finance commitments reached a record $43 billion in 2018, the analysis highlights disparities in bank performance, challenges in mobilizing private investment, and the urgent need for MDBs to align their entire portfolios with the Paris Agreement.

This briefing by the NewClimate Institute examines the transition from traditional climate finance, focused on mobilizing funds for mitigation and adaptation, toward 'Paris-aligned investing'. It evaluates the eligibility criteria used by Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) against a framework that categorizes investments as 'Paris-aligned', 'misaligned', or 'conditional'.

This working paper examines how Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) can align their portfolios and activities with the global temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, specifically focusing on the energy supply and transport sectors.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the implementation of environmental and social (E&S) safeguards for infrastructure projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on the tension between the prescriptive standards of multilateral development banks (MDBs) and the desire for greater country ownership, specifically analyzing the World Bank's 2016 Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). The author argues for a shift toward country-specific safeguard plans, enhanced capacity building for national entities and state-owned enterprises, and the strengthening of accountability mechanisms to protect affected communities.

A statement by Friends of the Earth International criticizing the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for its continued financing of coal projects despite the risks of climate change and local environmental destruction.

A statement by Friends of the Earth International criticizing the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for its continued financing of coal-based projects despite acknowledging the threats of climate change to poverty mitigation in the Asia-Pacific region.

This report surveys the diverse methodologies used to calculate and report 'leverage ratios' in climate finance, highlighting the lack of a universal definition. It examines how various institutions—including the World Bank, the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), and the Clean Technology Fund (CTF)—measure the ability of public funds to catalyze private and other public investments, and proposes a more rigorous framework for assessing financial effectiveness.

This briefing summarizes an analysis by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) regarding the role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and public international finance in funding coal-fired power plants, contrasting this with the lower levels of funding for renewable energy and the associated health and environmental costs.

This report, produced by the OECD in collaboration with the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), provides a preliminary status check on climate finance mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013 and 2014. It estimates that total climate finance reached USD 61.8 billion in 2014 and USD 52.2 billion in 2013, averaging USD 57.0 billion per year, as part of the progress toward the UNFCCC goal of mobilising USD 100 billion annually by 2020.

This report by Friends of the Earth International criticizes the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for continuing to finance coal projects in the Asia Pacific region despite its own stated commitments to climate action and poverty elimination. The document details specific coal investments, analyzes the ADB's policy gaps regarding coal mines and power generation, and compares the ADB's approach to other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs).

This research paper examines Botswana's experience with multilateral development banks (MDBs) in financing infrastructure, specifically focusing on the African Development Bank (AfDB). It identifies systemic delays in loan processing and procurement as primary challenges while highlighting the success of non-lending knowledge services. The document also evaluates alternative financing sources, such as public-private partnerships (PPPs) and domestic bond markets, noting that while these exist, they have not yet replaced the need for MDB lending.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute assesses the alignment of energy supply investments from the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC), and Asian Development Bank (ADB) with the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C.

This report by the World Resources Institute analyzes the failure of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to systematically integrate climate change considerations into their strategies and project development, particularly within the energy sector.

This testimony provided to the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services by the World Resources Institute (WRI) evaluates a proposed $2 billion U.S. appropriation over five years for a World Bank-administered Clean Technology Fund (CTF). The WRI argues that while the funding is a significant step toward U.S. leadership in climate change, it is small compared to the trillions needed globally. The document outlines three primary guidelines for the CTF: prioritizing transformative zero-carbon technologies over marginally cleaner fossil fuels, leveraging the fund to reform the core energy portfolios of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), and adhering to the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regarding transparency, inclusivity, and additional funding.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute proposes a framework for aligning policy-based operations (PBOs) from multilateral development banks (MDBs) with the Paris Agreement, focusing on ensuring that unearmarked budget support does not undermine climate neutrality by 2050.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute examines how Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) can utilize de-risking mechanisms to mobilize private capital for low-carbon and climate-resilient development in developing countries. It analyzes the barriers to scaling these instruments and proposes strategies to enhance MDBs' roles as 'mobilizers' to close the climate investment gap.

A review of World Bank energy sector lending documents from 2000 to 2006 found a lack of systematic integration of climate change considerations in project appraisals and loans.

This report by the World Resources Institute reviews loans provided by Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to developing countries for electricity policy between 2006 and 2008. It evaluates how these investments align with a framework for sustainable, low-carbon energy development, focusing on policy, regulation, and institutional capacity.