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This report surveys the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems of eight multilateral and bilateral financial institutions to determine how they measure the effectiveness of public climate finance. It finds that while most institutions have general results-based frameworks, there is a critical lack of specialized, consistent procedures to measure actual greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts upon project completion. The report highlights the potential of the UNFCCC reporting framework to become a global standard and recommends the adoption of core indicators, real-time evaluations, and more rigorous project selection processes to ensure maximum value for public investment.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute assesses the alignment of energy supply investments from the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC), and Asian Development Bank (ADB) with the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C.