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The paper argues that women in Tanzania and Mozambique are disproportionately harmed by large-scale land investments in agribusiness, extractives, and logging due to a lack of formal land rights and their subordinate roles in society. It finds that current legal frameworks fail to protect women, who are often bypassed in compensation payments and excluded from decision-making processes. The authors recommend mandating compensation for all household members, ensuring replacement land is held jointly, and implementing gender quotas in governance bodies to ensure women's meaningful participation.

The research examines three Indigenous matrilineal communities—the Wayuu in Colombia, the Bribri in Costa Rica, and the Guna in Panama—to identify risks to women's land tenure resulting from climate actions. It finds that women face potential loss of land entitlements, disruption of livelihoods, and erosion of matrilineal culture, largely due to inadequate consultation processes and a failure to account for traditional gendered tenure systems. The paper argues that climate actions, such as wind park development, REDD+ negotiations, and climate-induced relocation, risk eroding customary rights and social support systems when they ignore differential tenure systems and power asymmetries.

The paper argues that while a sustainable food future ideally requires no further conversion of natural ecosystems, current yield trends and demand may make some cropland expansion inevitable. It critiques the vague concept of 'degraded lands' and instead proposes a strict four-part biophysical criteria to identify lands with 'low environmental opportunity costs'—those not already supporting crops, having minimal impact on biodiversity, low carbon loss ratios, and a low blue water footprint. To implement this, the author suggests a three-pronged approach: mapping these lands, providing legal and financial incentives for their use, and enforcing moratoriums or deforestation-free commitments to discourage expansion into high-cost natural ecosystems.

WRI Indonesia's 2025-2032 strategy focuses on three core systems: energy, cities, and food, land and water. The organization aims to support Indonesia's goal of 8% GDP growth and a 43% emissions reduction by 2030 through industrial decarbonization, urban redesign, and ecosystem restoration. Key initiatives include promoting responsible critical mineral extraction, expanding green urban spaces, and securing land rights for Indigenous Peoples to enhance forest protection. WRI Indonesia employs a "count it, change it, scale it" methodology to integrate data-driven research with policy implementation across national and local government levels.

The Humbo project in Ethiopia restored 2,700 hectares of land from 2006 onwards using Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR), a low-cost method where farmers prune native tree stumps and root systems. Supported by World Vision and the World Bank's BioCarbon Fund, the project integrated carbon sequestration payments with community-led land management. Key success factors included secure land rights, the use of endemic species, and the creation of community cooperatives. While the project improved soil health, reduced erosion, and increased firewood availability, it faced challenges regarding the high transaction costs of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) compliance and delays in carbon payments.

The paper argues that climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is often ineffective at benefiting women because it focuses on technical solutions while ignoring the social norms and institutional biases that hinder women's participation. It emphasizes that for CSA to be effective, it must move beyond technical approaches to incorporate gender and social equity as primary objectives, addressing both practical needs—such as labor-saving devices and climate information—and strategic needs, including secure land rights and leadership opportunities. The document recommends institutionalizing contextual analysis of social norms, diversifying project staff, and engaging women as equal stakeholders in the design and implementation of agricultural adaptation strategies.

The document critiques the limitations of carbon financing for reducing deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), noting that strict quantification requirements create barriers for countries with low historical deforestation, unpredictable drivers, or weak institutions. It proposes 'sustainable development policies and measures' (SDPAMs) as a broader alternative under the Bali Action Plan, allowing for non-greenhouse gas metrics to verify progress in areas like land tenure and firefighting. The report suggests that developed countries provide support for these actions and implement policies to curb the import of illegally sourced timber to address global demand drivers.

The document evaluates the evolution of REDD+ from local projects to jurisdictional approaches, noting that while national initiatives have improved forest monitoring and governance, most have failed to reverse absolute deforestation. It highlights the emergence of subnational jurisdictional strategies as a way to link climate incentives with sustainable supply chains and recommends a rights-based approach that prioritizes indigenous peoples and local communities.

The Restoration Diagnostic is a three-step guide developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) to increase the success rate of forest landscape restoration (FLR). By analyzing 16 historical case studies and peer-reviewed literature, WRI identified a suite of 'key success factors' categorized into three themes: motivation, enabling conditions, and implementation capacity. The diagnostic allows users to define a geographic scope, assess the status of these factors (in place, partly in place, or missing), and develop targeted strategies to close identified gaps. The tool is designed for mid-level managers in government, NGOs, and the private sector and serves as a component of the broader Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology (ROAM).

The ESMF provides a structured approach to managing the risks associated with a project designed to integrate a national human-wildlife conflict (HWC) strategy into Gabon's Project Finance for Permanence (PFP) mechanism. The project targets four national parks—Loango, Mayumba, Minkébé, and Monts de Cristal—to improve coexistence between humans and wildlife, specifically addressing crop-raiding by elephants. Because the project involves Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs), the framework mandates Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), the development of site-specific Indigenous Peoples Plans (IPPs), and Livelihood Restoration Plans (LRPs) if resource access is restricted. It also outlines a multi-tiered grievance redress mechanism and specific mitigation measures for gender-based violence and sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH).

The ARCA Project aims to protect the Caatinga biome in Northeast Brazil by expanding and improving the management of the National System of Protected Areas (SNUC) and conserving endangered species. The project is funded by a $9,880,000 GEF grant and is executed by FUNBIO. It focuses on nine existing protected areas across Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Paraíba, targeting a minimum of 4,581,821 hectares. The framework outlines rigorous safeguards to protect Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Peoples, and Local Communities (IP/TP&LC), including a commitment to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the development of Livelihood Restoration Plans (LRPs) to mitigate economic impacts from resource access restrictions. The project also includes a Gender Action Plan to address systemic inequalities and risks of gender-based violence (GBV) and sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH).

The document examines how corruption undermines Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) by exploiting weak tenure, restricting information access, and diverting benefits. It identifies key vulnerability points in land administration and revenue sharing, and proposes strategies to mitigate these risks, including human rights-based approaches, strengthening tenure, increasing transparency through digitalization, and ensuring genuine Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC).

The CARE-WWF Alliance piloted a Collective and Sustainable Investment (CSI) model in Tanzania's Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor, integrating collective and sustainable investment mechanisms into Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs). The pilot involved 114 VSLA groups, resulting in 91 collective enterprises, 92% of which were nature-based. Key outcomes included a 102% increase in average household income—with female-headed households seeing a 157% increase—and significant improvements in water flow, with wet season flows increasing by 178% and dry season flows by 105%. While the model successfully shifted mindsets toward environmental responsibility and empowered women through land tenure and decision-making, it also triggered unintended intrahousehold conflicts and intergenerational tensions over riverbed cultivation. The report recommends streamlining the curriculum, expanding sustainability components for diverse ecosystems, and implementing loan monitoring systems to support preferential loan conditions, which were not adopted during the pilot.

The ESMP for Activity 1.1.1 of the Recharge Pakistan project outlines the mitigation of environmental, social, and security risks associated with restoring 2,050 hectares of land in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Key measures include a contingency-based forest fire management plan, a structured security protocol for high-risk areas, and the use of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) through Terms of Partnership (ToP) with tribal communities. The plan emphasizes local labor hiring, the establishment of Village Development Committees (VDCs), and a multi-level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to ensure community ownership and safety in the D.I. Khan, Tank, and South Waziristan regions.

The document establishes a comprehensive management plan for Activity 1.1.1 of the 'Recharge Pakistan' project, funded by the Green Climate Fund. It focuses on restoring 2,050 hectares of land in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to improve watershed resilience against floods and climate change. Key components include a Forest Fire Management Plan, a detailed Security Management Plan for high-risk areas like South Waziristan, and a framework for Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) with tribal communities. The plan mandates the use of local labor, GPS-tracked travel during daylight, and the establishment of Village Development Committees (VDCs) to ensure community ownership and long-term sustainability.

WWF South Africa aims to address historical exclusion and inequality by supporting local governance and the establishment of community-based and multi-stakeholder institutions. The goal is to ensure marginalised communities have the rights, skills, and capacity necessary for the sustainable management of natural resources and self-determination.