Indonesia’s Defining Moment: Prosperity for People, Nature and Climate

This executive summary outlines WRI Indonesia's country transition strategy for 2025-2032, focusing on systemic changes across energy, urban environments, and food, land, and water systems to achieve a low-carbon, inclusive economy.

• Indonesia's energy sector is the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions, with over 50% of national emissions originating here due to a heavy reliance on coal for transport, industry, and electricity.
• The Indonesian government has established a green growth trajectory with targets to increase GDP by 8% and reduce emissions by up to 43% by 2030, including a goal for the forestry and land-use sector to become a net carbon sink by 2030.
• Rapid urbanization in Indonesia has led to significant infrastructure gaps and environmental degradation; for example, Jakarta's green space covered only 5% of the city's total area as of 2024, while the number of motor vehicles in the city grew from 20 million in 2018 to over 24 million in 2024.
• Indonesia's natural ecosystems are under pressure from agricultural expansion and development, with government plans allowing up to 200,000 hectares of forest clearing annually. Additionally, food loss and waste total 48 million tons per year, contributing more than 7% of national emissions.
• WRI Indonesia's strategy emphasizes the role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities as effective environmental stewards and seeks to secure their customary land rights through tools like the One Map Policy and the Social Forestry program.
• A low-carbon development pathway could allow Indonesia to maintain an average GDP growth of approximately 6% through 2045, potentially creating over 15 million additional jobs and saving 40,000 lives annually by reducing air and water pollution.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). Indonesia’s Defining Moment: Prosperity for People, Nature and Climate. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2026-05/wri-indonesia-strategy-summary-2026-2032.pdf

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Indonesia’s Defining Moment: Prosperity for People, Nature and Climate. n.d. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2026-05/wri-indonesia-strategy-summary-2026-2032.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Indonesia’s Defining Moment: Prosperity for People, Nature and Climate |url=https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2026-05/wri-indonesia-strategy-summary-2026-2032.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendindonesias, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Indonesia’s Defining Moment: Prosperity for People, Nature and Climate}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2026-05/wri-indonesia-strategy-summary-2026-2032.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }