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The document argues that while the EU's Fit for 55 Package is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, its mitigation policies risk disproportionately affecting vulnerable citizens and workers in carbon-intensive industries. It recommends a progressive approach to fiscal reform, including the redistribution of carbon revenues and the use of the Social Climate Fund, to maintain political support and protect living standards. The paper emphasizes the need for targeted energy policies to address high energy prices and active reconversion policies for regions dependent on fossil fuels, noting the role of the Just Transition Fund in supporting coal-dependent areas.

The document outlines the extensive health benefits of transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy, emphasizing that such a shift must be 'just' by focusing on the most vulnerable and remediating past damages. It identifies significant reductions in premature deaths from air pollution and occupational hazards, while highlighting opportunities for improved healthcare access and urban wellbeing. The briefing proposes three core principles—inclusive decision-making, health impact tracking, and nature restoration—and provides policy recommendations on redirecting fossil fuel subsidies, integrated ministerial planning, and prioritizing clean cooking solutions.

The document advocates for a just energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, emphasizing that this shift must prioritize social and ecological justice to maximize health benefits. It highlights that ending fossil fuel reliance can prevent millions of premature deaths from air pollution and reduce occupational hazards in mining and oil/gas sectors. The briefing proposes three core principles—inclusive decision-making, health impact tracking, and nature restoration—and recommends redirecting the $425 billion annual fossil fuel subsidies toward clean energy and health services.

The document argues that transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy must prioritize social and ecological justice to avoid replicating centralized power structures. It highlights that such a transition could prevent millions of premature deaths annually by reducing air pollution and eliminating occupational hazards for energy workers. The briefing outlines a framework for 'healthy cities' and 'healthy economies,' emphasizing the need to redirect fossil fuel subsidies toward clean energy and health protection. Key recommendations include inclusive decision-making, mandatory health impact monitoring for new energy investments, and the restoration of nature and health damaged during the fossil fuel era.

The report finds a massive gap between Africa's annual climate finance needs (USD 277 billion) and actual flows (USD 29.5 billion). While international public finance dominates, private sector contribution is low at 14%. Finance is heavily concentrated in a few countries and sectors, with energy receiving the most investment, while agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) remains underfunded. The report recommends scaling up concessional finance, improving data tracking, and catalyzing private investment to meet 2030 goals.

Africa requires USD 277 billion annually to meet its 2030 climate goals, yet only USD 29.5 billion was tracked in 2019/2020. International public finance dominates the landscape, while private sector contributions remain low at 14%. The report highlights significant investment gaps, particularly in Southern Africa, and a critical need to shift funding from fossil fuels toward renewable energy and adaptation, especially in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector.

The document analyzes the global landscape of fossil fuel subsidies, noting a significant rise to almost USD 700 billion in 2021. It distinguishes between production and consumption subsidies—the latter making up 86% of 2019 estimates—and highlights how these supports distort international trade through 'pass-through' effects. The briefing argues that reforming these subsidies could reduce CO2 emissions by an average of 6% by 2030 across 32 economies, especially if savings are reinvested in clean energy. It also details the role of the WTO and other international forums (G7, G20, APEC) in establishing disciplines to phase out inefficient subsidies.

The paper examines the failure of the 'billions to trillions' agenda to mobilize private capital for biodiversity, noting that while some success exists in renewable energy, biodiversity funding remains critically low. It introduces the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) as a tool to analyze the financial 'regime' and 'landscape' that obstruct biodiversity investment. The author suggests six policy intervention points—stimulating and accelerating niches, destabilizing the regime, addressing repercussions, coordinating multi-regime interactions, and tilting the landscape—to drive a systemic transition toward effective biodiversity financing.

Earthjustice views the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) as a transformative investment in clean energy but warns that it includes "poisonous handouts" to the fossil fuel industry. The organization commits to using legal action and advocacy to ensure the $60 billion allocated for frontline communities is equitably distributed, to oppose the expansion of oil and gas leasing in Alaska and the Gulf of Mexico, and to prevent the weakening of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Earthjustice specifically criticizes the IRA's support for carbon capture and blue hydrogen, arguing these technologies prolong fossil fuel dependency rather than promoting true solutions like electrification and renewables.

The author contends that high fossil-fuel prices are essential market drivers for energy efficiency and the shift to renewables. To prevent social instability and energy poverty, the document proposes that EU governments avoid capping fuel prices and instead provide direct, inflation-linked compensation for heating, cooling, and food costs. Long-term recommendations include removing fossil-fuel subsidies, implementing a common EU carbon tax, expanding mass public transport, and shifting toward mission-oriented budgeting and ecological tax reform.

The document argues that for climate action in Africa to be effective, it must merge the 'climate framing of the north' with the 'development framing of the south', ensuring that 'net zero' translates to 'zero poverty'. It identifies five core policy priorities: amplifying African voices and inclusion, integrating adaptation and mitigation with health, building trust to overcome political instability, targeting finance toward the most vulnerable, and utilizing appropriate indigenous technology. The briefing specifically highlights the 'energy, health, and climate dilemma', where lack of modern energy leads to indoor air pollution and health deprivation, and the 'food, climate and health nexus', where industrialised food systems drive both greenhouse gas emissions and a rise in non-communicable diseases like obesity alongside chronic hunger. It calls for the decarbonisation of healthcare systems and the inclusion of climate change in health worker training to build resilience across the continent.

Canada committed in 2009 to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, a goal it recently accelerated to 2023. However, the lack of a clear, shared definition of 'inefficient' remains a barrier. The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that Canada should adopt the World Trade Organization's definition of subsidies and apply four specific criteria—alignment with climate commitments, support for the low carbon economy, just transition consistency, and the effectiveness of the policy goal—to identify which subsidies are inefficient. The brief highlights that federal subsidies totaled at least CAD 1.91 billion in 2020, with additional billions provided at the provincial level.

The document emphasizes the necessity for Indonesia to plan for a just energy transition given the dominant role of coal and oil and gas in its economy. It highlights that coal-fired power plants provide over 60 percent of the country's electricity and that the coal industry employed at least 100,000 people in 2018. The brief warns that current government projections for the coal industry may be overly optimistic and recommends institutionalizing tripartite social dialogue and increasing administrative capacity on just transition to avoid missing the 23% renewable energy target.

The document argues that Indonesia can accelerate its energy transition by reforming transport fuel and coal subsidies to raise funds for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and grid upgrades. It highlights a specific investment need of IDR 500 trillion to meet 2025 renewable energy goals and suggests that reforming subsidies could provide IDR 166 trillion toward this end.

The document examines the role of fuel subsidies in Indonesia's marine fisheries sector, noting they are the second-largest and most consistent form of government support. It argues that these subsidies risk incentivizing overfishing and suggests that Indonesia's general experience with fossil fuel subsidy reform could provide a roadmap for reforming fisheries-specific support.

The document details how fossil fuel extraction, production, and combustion cause severe health harms, including respiratory diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular issues, while contributing to the global climate crisis. It highlights the economic burden of these health impacts, the role of fossil fuel subsidies in perpetuating harm, and proposes sector-specific solutions and a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty to ensure a just transition.

The document analyzes fuel subsidies for Indonesia's marine fisheries, noting they are the most consistent form of central government support. It highlights risks of overfishing and inefficient distribution, suggesting that lessons from broader fossil fuel subsidy reforms could improve targeting and sustainability.

The policy brief argues that Canada lacks a shared definition of 'inefficient fossil fuel subsidies,' which hinders its commitment to phase them out. It proposes a four-part assessment framework—alignment with climate commitments, support for a low-carbon economy, just transition consistency, and overall policy effectiveness—to ensure transparency and accountability in eliminating these subsidies.

The briefing argues that Canada lacks a clear definition of 'inefficient' fossil fuel subsidies, which hinders its commitment to phase them out. It proposes four criteria for evaluation: compliance with climate commitments, support for a low-emission economy, consistency with a just transition, and optimal policy achievement. The authors recommend adopting the WTO definition of subsidies and applying these criteria to both federal and provincial funding to ensure transparency and accountability.

The document argues that Indonesia can accelerate its energy transition by redirecting fossil fuel subsidies and taxes—potentially raising up to IDR 166 trillion annually—into renewable energy, grid modernization, energy efficiency, and remote energy access.