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The document argues that the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is incompatible with EU law and climate goals, citing the CJEU ruling in Case C-741/19 (Republic of Moldova v Komstroy) which found ECT ISDS provisions inapplicable to intra-EU disputes. It highlights the risk that investment tribunals may ignore this ruling and notes that the ECT modernization process is unlikely to succeed due to the requirement for unanimity among contracting parties. The author points to lawsuits by RWE and Uniper against the Netherlands over coal phase-out decisions, seeking over 2.4 billion euros, as evidence that the ECT hinders climate action. Consequently, the document calls for a coordinated EU withdrawal from the ECT and the use of an 'inter se' agreement to eliminate obligations that persist after withdrawal.

The Global Climate and Health Alliance calls for a universal climate agreement that prioritizes health, urging governments to phase out coal and fossil fuel subsidies while integrating health impact assessments into national climate planning. The document highlights that tackling climate change is a major global health opportunity, with the potential to prevent millions of premature deaths through emissions reductions and the transition to renewable energy.

The document argues that because the energy transition is already underway due to technological shifts, countries must proactively plan for a Just Transition to avoid economic dislocation. It highlights opportunities for economic diversification, such as Ghana's investment plan to generate 400,000 net jobs by 2060, and best practices like Brazil's reallocation of petroleum revenues to reforestation. However, it identifies critical barriers, including fiscal dependence on fossil fuels in countries like Azerbaijan (where oil and gas constitute 90% of exports) and a lack of granular data on workforce impacts in Indonesia. The author proposes actionable solutions including the repurposing of coal infrastructure, the expansion of local financing mechanisms, and the anchoring of transition policies in legal frameworks to ensure long-term stability.

The report details a workshop in Panama aimed at moving Just Transition from dialogue to implementation. It presents case studies from the Dominican Republic, Spain, and Brazil, and synthesizes group discussions on creating a Just Transition taxonomy, defining monitoring indicators, and establishing core guiding principles to support developing countries and the COP30 presidency.

Indonesia faces significant structural barriers to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060, including an unstable policy environment, inconsistent signals regarding fossil fuel subsidies, and a lack of coordinated strategy across sectors. The country requires approximately $200 billion annually for its climate agenda, yet domestic public budget contributions from 20152020 averaged only $4.5 billion. To address these gaps, the briefing suggests three key interventions: the use of blended finance to de-risk renewable energy projects like geothermal power, the operationalization of 'Just Transition' principles through the Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership (INO-JETP), and the implementation of multi-level coordination mechanisms to engage sub-national governments and standardize greenhouse gas reporting.

The report details a workshop in Bonn that brought together over 70 stakeholders to bridge the gap between international Just Transition (JT) negotiations and on-the-ground realities. Key discussions focused on overcoming barriers in the Global South—such as limited technical capacity, fragmented governance, and financial constraints—and the importance of national ownership. The document highlights South Korea's coal phase-out fund as a case study and proposes five key outcomes for the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP), including the establishment of a Global JT Mechanism and the integration of JT into national climate plans like NDCs. Participants emphasized that JT should be framed as a development opportunity and an enabler of climate ambition rather than a cause for delay.

India aims for net-zero emissions by 2070, with interim 2030 goals including 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity and 50% energy requirements from renewables. The transition faces significant hurdles, including a heavy reliance on coal (84% of power generation) and high import dependency for crude oil and solar components. Financial requirements are immense, estimated between USD 5.7 trillion by 2050 and USD 10.1 trillion by 2070. The report emphasizes the need for a 'just transition' to protect the livelihoods of approximately 13 million people dependent on coal mining and to address regional economic imbalances. Opportunities for acceleration include the green hydrogen policy, expansion of offshore wind, and the development of domestic energy storage manufacturing to reduce reliance on China.

Carbon Market Watch argues that Gold Standard's proposed methodology for crediting the early retirement of coal plants lacks the necessary rigor to ensure additionality and environmental integrity. The organization expresses skepticism that carbon credit finance is a suitable tool for this purpose given the volatility of energy markets and the difficulty of accurately measuring the future viability of coal plants. Specific concerns include the risk of double claiming, vague definitions of 'baseline plants' that might include economically unviable facilities, and the failure to account for the lifecycle emissions of new renewable energy plants.

The briefing highlights the IEA's vision for the power sector to become the first 100% clean sector by 2040 to enable broader decarbonization. It emphasizes that P4G member countries, many of which rely heavily on fossil fuels and sub-critical coal plants, must stop new coal investments and phase out inefficient capacity by 2030. The document specifically identifies South Africa, South Korea, Indonesia, and Vietnam as having significant coal fleets and suggests that bespoke governmental climate financing is required to support the transition in developing and emerging economies.

The briefing argues that the EU can cut Russian gas imports by 66% (101 bcm) by 2025 by fast-tracking the 'Fit for 55' package and scaling renewables and electrification. It asserts that this reduction can be achieved without new gas import infrastructure or extending coal power generation.

The report advocates for the creation of a 'Comanche Energy Park' in Pueblo, Colorado, to replace the retiring Comanche coal plant by 2031. This strategy involves a diversified portfolio of wind, solar, and battery storage paired with 'flexible' industrial technologies like thermal batteries and hydrogen electrolyzers. The goal is to provide a reliable, clean electricity supply while stimulating local economic growth and maintaining property tax revenues without placing the full financial burden on Xcel Energy customers.

This document is a Vietnamese translation of excerpts from the 'Boom & Burst Coal 2024' report by Global Energy Monitor and its partners. It analyzes global coal power trends in 2023, highlighting a dichotomy where new construction has hit a 9-year low outside China but an 8-year high within China. The report provides a detailed assessment of Vietnam's energy transition, focusing on the Power Development Plan VIII (PDP8) and the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), while noting that global coal capacity reached an all-time high in 2023.

The document asserts that wood biomass power in Japan and South Korea is not carbon neutral and often emits more CO2 than coal. It criticizes the use of subsidies—such as Japan's FIT system and South Korea's REC system—to support these facilities, arguing that such policies prolong the operation of coal plants and divert investment from wind and solar energy. The report highlights safety risks, including fires and explosions, and notes that the carbon debt of wood biomass can take 44 to 104 years to repay.

The document highlights the imprisonment of environmental defenders Nguy Thi Khanh and Dang Dinh Bach in Vietnam on tax evasion charges, which Global Witness describes as an attempt to silence those calling for transparency in the energy transition. It argues that suppressing civil society threatens climate progress and urges G7 countries and the UN Human Rights Council to pressure Vietnam to release these defenders, particularly as the country considers a 'Just Energy Transition Partnership' (JET-P) involving billions of dollars in funding.

The IISD Energy Program provides practical guidance and research to help governments transition to low-carbon economies, reform fossil fuel subsidies, and implement international climate commitments. The program focuses on quantifying the economic impacts of electricity systems and promoting renewable energy, specifically noting that fossil fuel subsidies in Middle Eastern and African countries could fund the region's renewable energy targets through 2020.

The document details Ontario's transition away from coal-fired power, highlighting the role of civil society and health-based arguments in driving the policy. It provides a timeline from the 1997 establishment of the Ontario Clean Air Alliance to the final conversion of the Thunder Bay plant to biomass in 2014, while noting initial opposition based on energy costs and job losses.

This guide outlines a comprehensive set of questions for institutional investors to use during due diligence of private equity managers. It focuses on five key areas: alignment with science-based climate targets (including phasing out fossil fuels by 2030), disclosure of fossil fuel exposure and emissions, the existence of portfolio-wide energy transition plans, the integration of climate and environmental justice, and transparency regarding political spending and climate lobbying.

Reclaim Finance analyzes the EU's decision to include gas and nuclear energy in its green taxonomy. The report argues that the criteria for gas—such as the 270 gCO2e/kWh emission threshold and the 2030 construction deadline—are incompatible with the 1.5°C goal and risk creating stranded assets. Regarding nuclear energy, the report contends that long construction times and the lack of operational geological waste storage by 2050 undermine its status as a 'transitional' activity, while noting that only France and Finland currently have advanced storage projects.

The document identifies 39 French financial institutions committed to phasing out coal by 2030 in OECD and European countries and by 2040 elsewhere. It further specifies that 25 of these actors require their clients to adopt exit plans, with 15 setting a deadline of late 2021 for such plans.

Two years after the Paris financial center committed to coal exit strategies, Reclaim Finance finds a mixed record. While 24 of 54 analyzed actors have robust policies, others lack them entirely or have significant gaps, such as failing to exclude coal developers or lacking clear exit dates. Major banks like BNP Paribas, Société Générale, Crédit Agricole, and Natixis remain under scrutiny for continuing to support coal companies without credible transition plans.