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The document reports that a network of opaque online actors, some linked to the fossil fuel industry, used transnational right-wing networks and bot activity to spread false narratives about Canada's climate policies during the April 2025 election. It highlights the use of claims that climate policy would damage the economy and democracy, as well as allegations of a stolen election, while calling for stronger laws against disinformation and greenwashing.

The briefing identifies three primary disinformation narratives used to deflect from climate change during the 2025 Canadian wildfire season: the emphasis on arson (including conspiracy theories about 'climate change agendas'), claims of government mismanagement of resources, and accusations of 'fearmongering' by political leaders. Monitoring from April 21 to June 20, 2025, shows these narratives are most prevalent on X and right-wing outlets, often utilizing 'junk science' to discredit peer-reviewed data. The document recommends that Canadian policymakers enact laws against greenwashing, adopt a robust definition of climate disinformation, and require transparency from large online platforms to mitigate the influence of fossil fuel-backed disinformation networks.

Following a major power outage in Spain and Portugal on 28 April 2025, disinformation networks utilized social media algorithms to spread false claims attributing the event to renewables and net zero policies. The report notes that these falsehoods were often presented as speculation or news reporting to undermine climate solutions, mirroring patterns seen during extreme weather events.

A growing number of US communities and governments are suing fossil fuel companies, arguing they misled the public about climate change. These 'polluter pays' cases seek compensation for climate damages, mirroring the 1990s tobacco litigation. While most cases are in the US, a significant case in Peru involving RWE highlights global implications. The fossil fuel industry is responding with lobbying for legal immunity and efforts to discredit litigants, though some cases, such as Honolulu v. Sunoco LP, are advancing toward trial.

Operation Overload is a high-volume Russian influence campaign that impersonates over 80 organisations, including media outlets and universities, to sow division in democratic nations. In early 2025, it targeted 10 countries—primarily Germany, France, and Ukraine—using AI-cloned voices and forged logos to spread narratives against Ukraine and destabilise domestic politics. While most content had limited organic reach, one video claiming USAID paid celebrities to visit Ukraine garnered over 4.2 million views. The operation relies on bot networks and commercial services to amplify its content and frequently tags research organisations to distract them with debunking requests.

The document argues that health organizations should lead the effort to revoke the 'social license' of the fossil fuel industry by refusing to work with PR agencies linked to it. It draws a parallel between the current fossil fuel industry and the historical tobacco industry, citing CVS Health's 2014 decision to stop selling tobacco as a model for corporate responsibility. The guide outlines a 'Fossil Fuel Free Health Communications Pledge' and a three-step screening process for agencies: requesting full client disclosure, seeking a commitment to avoid future fossil fuel clients, and demanding public accountability. It also provides a list of specific questions for organizations to ask potential agencies to ensure alignment with public health and climate goals.

The document argues that fossil fuel companies use disinformation campaigns, similar to the tobacco industry's historical tactics, to obstruct climate action and harm public health. It urges health organizations to leverage their credibility and market influence—noting a healthcare advertising market valued at USD 42.28 billion in 2024—to revoke the industry's 'social license' by refusing to hire agencies with fossil fuel ties. The guide outlines a 'Commitment for Fossil-Free Health Communications' and a three-step screening process: requesting full client disclosure (specifically for the past 3 years), seeking a fossil-free commitment (such as the Clean Creatives pledge), and verifying public accountability. It cites the 2014 decision by CVS Health to stop selling tobacco products as a precedent for how health-focused entities can catalyze broader industry change by aligning business practices with health missions.

The report presents evidence that major fossil fuel companies possessed accurate knowledge of the catastrophic effects of their products on the global climate as early as the 1980s but instead funded campaigns of disinformation and deception. It highlights specific internal documents from Shell and ExxonMobil, a 1998 American Petroleum Institute 'Roadmap' to increase public uncertainty, and allegations of a criminal hacking scheme targeting climate advocates. The Union of Concerned Scientists calls for these corporations to cease greenwashing, pay for climate damages, and accelerate a global phaseout of fossil fuels.

The briefing examines the digital presence of fifteen influential agribusiness, mining, and fossil fuel companies in Brazil, finding that many employ corporate greenwashing and climate delay tactics. These tactics include the use of vague language, nature-rinsing imagery, and claims that lack supporting investments or actions. The report also notes the use of influencer partnerships and targeted digital advertising to amplify these messages, contrasting them with the companies' actual environmental records.

A network of up to 600 accounts on X has been identified spreading disinformation to influence the 2025 Canadian election, specifically targeting Mark Carney by claiming his firm, Brookfield, would benefit from the Liberal Party's "net zero agenda". CAAD identified at least 60 accounts with strong bot markers—such as lacking profile photos, bios, and original content—that primarily shared videos from right-wing and conspiratorial channels including Rebel News, Northern Perspective, and Moose on the Loose.

The document details regulatory actions, litigation, and legislative updates across several countries focusing on AI, data privacy, and online safety. It also reviews four reports on algorithmic recommender systems, highlighting risks such as the amplification of harmful content and the prioritisation of short-term engagement over long-term user value.

The report identifies a persistent presence of climate disinformation in French mainstream media, noting 128 certified cases over three months. It highlights a significant over-representation of such content in private media, particularly Sud Radio, and observes peaks in disinformation coinciding with major political events. The analysis also employs the CARDS framework to identify 373 instances of 'inaction discourse,' primarily targeting climate solutions and messengers. The authors call for increased environmental coverage, better journalist training, and stronger regulatory action by ARCOM.

The report identifies 128 instances of climate disinformation and 373 narratives of inaction in French audiovisual media between January and March 2025. It highlights a significant concentration of disinformation in private media, particularly Sud Radio, and notes spikes in misleading content during major political events such as Donald Trump's inauguration. The analysis finds that energy and mobility are the most targeted sectors, with a strong tendency to discredit green transition solutions and messengers. The authors argue that traditional media are becoming catalysts for the normalization of climate disinformation, exacerbated by low overall airtime dedicated to environmental issues (2%) and a lack of journalistic challenge to inaccurate claims during interviews.

The document argues that communication is a fundamental human right essential for dignity and justice, rather than just a tool for progress. It critiques the current digital ecosystem for being dominated by Global North monopolies and surveillance capitalism, which marginalizes voices in the Global South. Through various case studies and reports, it advocates for a 'people-first digital ecosystem' based on public digital infrastructure, multilingual accessibility, and ethical AI governance to ensure that digital transformation expands rather than narrows human rights.

The document outlines a strategy for the advertising industry to avoid inadvertently incentivising harmful content. It proposes a four-step action plan: setting internal standards and risk protocols, incentivising quality journalism, optimising media mixes to avoid platforms that commercialise inaccuracies, and enforcing supply chain accountability. The guide emphasizes that information integrity is essential for human rights and a sustainable future, noting that ads appearing alongside hate speech can lead to a 35% drop in click-through rates and a decrease in brand affinity.

The guide outlines six essential steps for advertising agencies and brands to integrate sustainability into their business models: organization, briefing, production, content, information integrity, and climate literacy. It emphasizes the need to combat climate disinformation, reduce Scope 3 emissions, and avoid greenwashing to meet consumer demand for responsible brand behavior.

QuotaClimat argues that media coverage of environmental issues in France is structurally insufficient and declining, representing only 2% of airtime as of March 2025. To remedy this, the association proposes a legislative measure to institute a minimum airtime floor for environmental topics during election periods for broadcasters showing visible imbalances. The document defends this approach by noting that quantitative regulation already exists in French media law for other areas, such as gender representation and political pluralism, and argues that the right to environmental information is a constitutional necessity.

The authors critique the media's failure to link the Los Angeles mega-fires to the climate crisis, noting that coverage often ignores scientific links, repeats disinformation, or focuses on political disputes rather than the role of fossil fuel companies. While citing a few positive examples from outlets like Time and the Los Angeles Times, the piece asserts that accurate climate reporting is an essential solution to generate the public pressure needed for government action.

The document analyzes climate obstruction in Argentina and Brazil, identifying a shift toward explicit climate denial under President Javier Milei in Argentina and a complex mix of agribusiness-led obstruction and state-driven fossil fuel expansion in Brazil. It highlights how developmentalist ideologies and economic lobbying in both nations hinder the transition to low-carbon economies, despite Brazil's recent efforts to reduce Amazonian deforestation.

Global Witness reports that 92% of surveyed land and environmental defenders have suffered online attacks, with Meta-owned platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram) being the most frequent sites of abuse. These digital attacks often precede or contribute to real-world violence, including physical assaults and criminalization. The report argues that profit-driven algorithms and inadequate moderation resources facilitate this harassment, particularly targeting women through sexualized threats and defenders in the Global South through political criminalization.