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The document proposes replacing traditional carbon offsetting with a results-based climate finance (RBCF) system under a unified Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM). It argues that while the aviation sector currently relies on offsets via CORSIA, this should be a transitory arrangement phased out by 2030 through a 'ratchet mechanism' on Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) scope. To ensure environmental integrity and avoid double counting, the author recommends a 50% discount rate on offsets, mandatory corresponding adjustments by host countries, and a transparent international registry. Additionally, the SDM should incorporate stakeholder consultation rules, grievance mechanisms, and restrictions on harmful technologies like coal to foster genuine sustainable development.

The document critiques the use of carbon offsetting within carbon pricing schemes, asserting that it allows entities to avoid genuine emission reductions. It highlights that while the EU has excluded international offsets for post-2020 domestic targets, Canada and China continue to support or allow them. The author specifically warns that the International Civil Aviation Organisation's (ICAO) planned sector-wide offsetting scheme risks using low-quality credits to bypass the polluter pays principle. Referencing a European Commission study, the text claims only 2% of UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects clearly reduce emissions.

The briefing argues that the new international market regime under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement must move away from the concept of offsetting and instead utilize results-based climate finance. It emphasizes that the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) should learn from the failures of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) to ensure environmental integrity, sustainable development, and the protection of human rights.

Carbon Market Watch argues that the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) must transition from a zero-sum offsetting system to a results-based climate finance scheme to maintain environmental integrity and social safeguards. The organization also warns that the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) could increase global emissions if double counting of reductions is not prevented through transparent monitoring and a common accounting system.

The document argues for the phase-out of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in favor of a results-based Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) that prioritizes climate finance over offsetting. It emphasizes the need for mandatory local stakeholder consultations and recourse mechanisms to prevent human rights violations. Additionally, it warns that the ICAO's CORSIA scheme for aviation emissions risks undermining the Paris Agreement if double-counting of emission reductions occurs.

The document argues that public participation and access to information are essential for the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, contributing to higher ambition and resilience. It outlines specific entry points for enhancing these procedural rights across several UNFCCC agenda items, including Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Adaptation Communications, the Transparency Framework, the Global Stocktake, and Article 6 mechanisms. It also highlights the importance of regional frameworks like the Aarhus and Escazú Conventions and calls for improved engagement of observer organizations and the operationalization of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform.

This practitioner's guide outlines a nine-step process for conducting local stakeholder consultations in climate mitigation projects. It emphasizes the necessity of meaningful public participation to avoid adverse impacts such as population displacement or resource privatization. The guide integrates international standards, including the right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for indigenous peoples, and provides checklists to validate that consultations are inclusive, transparent, and proportional to the project's impact.

The document outlines a nine-step process for stakeholder consultation in climate mitigation actions, emphasizing the need to move beyond 'top-down' approaches to avoid adverse impacts like population displacement. It integrates international standards, including the right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) for indigenous peoples, and provides checklists for project developers to verify that consultations are inclusive, transparent, and accountable. The guide is designed for policy-makers, investors, and developers, drawing on lessons from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

The document outlines a nine-step process for conducting effective stakeholder consultations for climate mitigation actions, emphasizing the protection of human rights and the necessity of free, prior, and informed consent for indigenous peoples. It provides a checklist for project promoters to ensure transparency, inclusivity, and accountability throughout the project lifecycle.

The document examines how private-sector investment can be mobilised for climate mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF), and South Africa's REIPPPP. It argues that while market mechanisms like the CDM have successfully engaged the private sector, further tailoring of rules to African circumstances and stronger synergies between multilateral and national finance are necessary to meet Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals.

The paper analyzes the supply curve of CERs from CDM projects, finding a significant volume of units available below €1 per unit, many of which do not require CER revenues to continue abatement. It concludes that without eligibility restrictions, CORSIA's demand for offsets up to 2035 would likely fail to raise CER prices or increase overall greenhouse gas abatement.

The guide critiques the ICAO's CORSIA scheme, arguing that offsetting is incompatible with Paris Agreement goals and prone to failures seen in the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), such as lack of additionality and human rights violations.

Carbon Market Watch criticizes the lack of transparency and the voluntary nature of offset criteria in ICAO's CORSIA scheme, warning that these flaws, combined with a reliance on low-quality CDM credits, could render the program's climate contribution null.

The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) provides technical tools and research in Colombia to bridge science and policy across water management, energy transition, and sustainable sanitation. Key efforts include the use of WEAP for water resource planning, LEAP for low-emission energy modeling, and TRASE for mapping deforestation in agricultural supply chains. SEI also investigates the socio-economic transition away from thermal coal in the César and La Guajira departments and supports the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Carbon Market Watch urges COP23 negotiators to phase out the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to prevent the use of credits that lack environmental integrity and could increase overall emissions. The organization advocates for strong rules for Article 6 to ensure net mitigation and protect human rights, and calls for the integration of aviation and shipping sectors into the Paris Agreement's transparency and accounting frameworks to avoid double counting and emissions increases from schemes like CORSIA.

Carbon Market Watch advocates for an orderly phase-out of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and suggests using a placeholder for market provisions in the Paris Agreement rulebook until robust rules are established to ensure emissions reductions are additional and do not undermine climate ambition.

The paper estimates the CER supply potential for 2013-2020 at 4.7 billion CERs, noting that 82% comes from projects not vulnerable to discontinuing greenhouse gas abatement. This figure is significantly lower than the 7.7 G t CO2 e estimated in project design documents, with hydro and wind power projects providing the largest share (61%) of the potential.

The Green Climate Fund Proposal Toolkit 2017 serves as a comprehensive manual for creating funding proposals for the GCF. It details the roles of National Designated Authorities (NDAs), Accredited Entities (AEs), and Executing Entities (EEs), while outlining a ten-step approach to project design. Key requirements include alignment with the GCF's Results Management Framework (RMF), adherence to International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards for environmental and social safeguards, and the integration of gender-sensitive objectives through a Gender Action Plan (GAP). The document also explains the GCF's six investment criteria—impact potential, paradigm shift potential, sustainable development potential, recipient needs, country ownership, and efficiency and effectiveness—and provides guidance on selecting financial instruments such as grants, concessional loans, equity, and guarantees.

The report, commissioned by the German Emissions Trading Authority, examines the risk of CDM projects ceasing greenhouse gas abatement due to an oversupply of emission reduction credits in the global carbon market. It specifically aims to quantify the risk across different project types, assess the potential impact of supporting their continuation compared to the status quo, and identify options to ensure long-term mitigation.

The document argues that the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) must move beyond the practices of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to ensure an overall reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and alignment with the 2030 Agenda. It advocates for a shift from carbon offsetting toward results-based finance and the integration of human rights, transparency, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as core principles.