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The Economic Impacts of the Clean Power Plan: How Studies of the Same Regulation Can Produce Such Different Results
The World Resources Institute (WRI) analyzed four economic studies of the Clean Power Plan (CPP), finding that the regulation's projected effects on electricity affordability and the economy vary significantly based on the assumptions used in the modeling.
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Document type: Research paper
Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang
The report finds that over 60% of global coral reefs are threatened by local human activities, rising to 75% when heat stress is included. In the Coral Triangle, this figure exceeds 85%. The document highlights that while 28% of global reefs are in marine protected areas (MPAs), only 6% are effectively managed. It predicts that by 2050, nearly all reefs in the Coral Triangle will be threatened, with over 90% facing high to critical risks due to the combined effects of local pressures, ocean warming, and acidification.
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Document type: Report
Why connectivity matters to wildlife—and people
Ecological connectivity allows animals to move freely to find food and breed, sustaining natural processes that provide clean air, soil, and water. Human activities—including infrastructure development, deforestation, and overfishing—fragment these habitats, leading to human-wildlife conflict and ecosystem breakdown. Climate change further necessitates connectivity as species must move to adapt to shifting environments. WWF implements restoration strategies such as wildlife corridors and sustainable land-use planning, exemplified by projects in Borneo, Southern Africa, the Mekong region, and the Terai Arc. To scale these efforts, WWF co-created the Wildlife Connect initiative with the Center for Large Landscape Conservation and the IUCN WCPA.
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Document type: Guide
10 green Halloween tips
The document outlines ten ways to celebrate Halloween sustainably, focusing on waste reduction, the use of recycled materials, and local sourcing.
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Document type: Guide
Sustainable Oil Palm Development on Degraded Land in Kalimantan
The paper argues that Indonesia can meet rising global vegetable oil demand without further deforestation by combining yield intensification with expansion onto degraded lands, specifically alang-alang grasslands and flat secondary forests. It finds that management practices are more critical to yield than previous land use and that alang-alang grasslands offer the lowest establishment costs and fastest carbon payback times.
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Document type: Research paper
The Economics of Oil Development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
WWF-US analysis, utilizing Rystad Energy modeling, concludes that oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is economically unviable. The study finds that the breakeven price for the nine leases awarded in 2021 ranges from $62.5 to $83.60 per barrel, significantly exceeding projected future oil prices under various scenarios, including the IEA's Net-Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario. Additionally, the report highlights substantial risks from thawing permafrost impacting infrastructure, high costs of frontier development, and a growing lack of financial and insurance support from major global institutions.
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Document type: Research paper
OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION IN THE ARCTIC IS BAD FOR AMERICA AND BAD FOR OUR CLIMATE
The document asserts that Arctic offshore drilling is too risky due to extreme conditions and a total lack of emergency response infrastructure on the U.S. Arctic coast. It highlights that the U.S. government estimates a 75% chance of major oil spills in the Chukchi Sea, while noting that no proven technology exists to clean up oil in the Arctic marine environment. Furthermore, it argues that leaving these hydrocarbons under the seafloor is essential for the U.S. to meet its international climate commitment of limiting temperature rise to 2°C.
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Document type: Fact sheet
Methods, Jurisdictional Risk Assessment
The document details the technical process for calculating risk indicators for Indonesia's forests and peatlands. It focuses on four key areas: primary forests, peatlands, protected areas, and the forest estate. The methodology relies on intersecting datasets from Global Forest Watch, NASA, and the Indonesian government to measure forest cover loss, fire density, and the overlap of oil palm concessions with protected or primary forest areas. The analysis emphasizes the use of a 5-hectare minimum area threshold to reduce errors in small districts and provides specific formulas for calculating annual average rates of loss.
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Document type: Research paper
FUTURE PROOFING SHRIMP PRODUCTION
The report advocates for 'controlled intensification' in shrimp aquaculture to replace unsustainable extensive farming. It proposes three accelerators—widespread technology use, intentional capital direction, and democratization of knowledge—to achieve conversion-free production and resource efficiency. The document outlines a three-phase innovation pathway (Predict and Control, Optimize, and Breakthrough) and emphasizes the role of long-term contracts and impact investing in scaling these systems.
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Document type: Report
A Business Case for Improved Environmental Performance in Southeast Asian Shrimp Aquaculture
The report analyzes the relationship between production intensity and resource use in shrimp farming across Thailand and Vietnam. It argues that intensification—increasing output per unit area—reduces the land, water, and energy footprint per ton of shrimp, thereby offering both economic benefits to farmers and environmental protection for coastal habitats. The study highlights the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) as a critical indicator of both economic cost and environmental impact, particularly regarding the use of wild fish in feed. It concludes that responsible intensification is the most viable path to meeting growing consumer demand without further converting biodiverse coastal ecosystems into farms.
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Document type: Report
wwf_50_actions_for_the_planet-47ca5a5df3a0b8ca.pdf
The document outlines 50 specific actions individuals can take to protect the planet, categorized into seven themes: Climate, Forests, Oceans, Freshwater, Plastics, Food, and Wildlife. It emphasizes the link between nature conservation and the prevention of zoonotic diseases like COVID-19, arguing that protecting ecosystems such as the Amazon and coral reefs stabilizes the climate and reduces disease vectors. Practical recommendations include switching to CFL bulbs, reducing car use, choosing FSC and RSPO certified products, minimizing food waste, and advocating for a 100% clean energy economy through federal legislators.
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Document type: Guide
WWF SOUTH AFRICA STRATEGY 2025
WWF South Africa aims to transform the finance and business sectors to support healthy ecosystems and sustainable development. The strategy involves collaborating with the National Treasury and other institutions to create a policy framework for green investments and utilizing responsible lending, investment, and insurance to drive sustainable outcomes.
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Document type: Report