Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang

The report finds that over 60% of global coral reefs are threatened by local human activities, rising to 75% when heat stress is included. In the Coral Triangle, this figure exceeds 85%. The document highlights that while 28% of global reefs are in marine protected areas (MPAs), only 6% are effectively managed. It predicts that by 2050, nearly all reefs in the Coral Triangle will be threatened, with over 90% facing high to critical risks due to the combined effects of local pressures, ocean warming, and acidification.

• Over 60% of the world's coral reefs are directly threatened by local human activities, including overfishing, destructive fishing, coastal development, and pollution from watersheds or the sea.
• When local threats are combined with heat stress, approximately 75% of global coral reefs are considered threatened.
• Coral reefs in the Coral Triangle face significantly higher threats than the global average, with over 85% currently threatened by local causes.
• Overfishing and destructive fishing are the most widespread local threats in the Coral Triangle, affecting nearly 85% of its reefs.
• Projections indicate that by 2030, nearly all coral reefs in the Coral Triangle will be threatened, with 80% categorized as high, very high, or critical. By 2050, over 90% will fall into these high-risk categories.
• The Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste are among the most socio-economically vulnerable countries to coral reef degradation due to high dependency and low adaptive capacity.
• Approximately 28% of global coral reefs are within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), but only 6% are managed effectively, and 14% are partially effective.
• In the Coral Triangle, only about 16% of coral reefs are covered by MPAs, and less than 1% of these are managed effectively.
• Ocean acidification, driven by increased CO2, is projected to leave only 15% of the world's coral reefs in waters with sufficient aragonite saturation for growth by 2050.
• The Coral Triangle contains approximately 35% of the world's coral reefs (over 86,500 km2) and supports over 130 million people.
• In Indonesia, over 90% of coral reefs are threatened by overfishing and destructive fishing, with destructive methods alone affecting nearly 80% of the country's reefs.
• In the Philippines, nearly 60% of coral reefs are threatened by both coastal development and watershed pollution.
• Papua New Guinea's reefs are the least threatened in the Coral Triangle, with about 55% affected by human activities, primarily due to low population density in many areas.
• In the Solomon Islands, approximately 70% of coral reefs are threatened by local human activities, with overfishing affecting more than 65%.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang. http://wriorg.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/reefs_at_risk_revisited_coral_triangle_bahasa.pdf

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang. n.d. http://wriorg.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/reefs_at_risk_revisited_coral_triangle_bahasa.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang |url=http://wriorg.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/reefs_at_risk_revisited_coral_triangle_bahasa.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendmenengok, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Kawasan Segitiga Terumbu Karang}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {http://wriorg.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/reefs_at_risk_revisited_coral_triangle_bahasa.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }