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The study evaluates the feasibility of supplying 300 million litres of ethanol annually to PetroSA's Conversion of Olefins to Distillate (COD) plant. It compares three primary feedstock pathways: first-generation (1G) molasses, second-generation (2G) lignocellulosic biomass (primarily invasive alien plants and garden waste), and third-generation (3G) industrial off-gases. The analysis finds that molasses-based ethanol is the most cost-effective and carbon-efficient option, while lignocellulosic ethanol is the most expensive due to high acquisition and processing costs. However, the report suggests that a diversified sourcing strategy incorporating invasive alien plants (IAPs) could meet broader socio-economic goals, such as job creation and drought resilience, at an additional cost of approximately R1 billion per year.

The policy brief advocates for a resolute US national strategy to accelerate electric vehicle (EV) adoption, proposing a target of 70 million EVs by 2030 and 100% new vehicle EV market share by 2035. It emphasizes that current fragmented efforts by states and private companies are insufficient to meet climate targets or compete with countries like China. The author recommends four key actions: establishing a national vision and government/industry commission, implementing an industrial strategy for manufacturing retooling, executing an aggressive public and private fleet electrification plan, and launching a nationwide education campaign.

The document critiques Governor Charlie Baker's veto of bill S.2995, which proposed a voluntary net-zero stretch code for new construction in Massachusetts. It argues that electrification is the most cost-effective path to meeting the state's 2050 net-zero carbon emissions target, citing state analysis and RMI research showing that all-electric single-family homes in Boston are already cheaper to build and operate than gas-powered ones. The text highlights that net-zero affordable housing is already viable in the state and warns that continuing to invest in Massachusetts' aging gas pipeline infrastructure—estimated to require $15.5 to $16.6 billion in repairs—is a poor financial decision for ratepayers.

The report examines how fuel subsidies artificially lower operating costs, enabling overfishing and the expansion of industrial fleets at the expense of small-scale fishers and marine ecosystems. It posits that removing these subsidies is essential for meeting EU climate and biodiversity goals, as well as international obligations under the WTO and the Paris Agreement. The author identifies the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive (ETD) as a critical opportunity to end fuel tax exemptions, suggesting that resulting revenues and existing funds like the Just Transition Fund be used to support low-impact fisheries.

The document argues that corruption in the forest sector leads to significant environmental degradation and financial loss, costing governments approximately US$29 billion annually. It recommends that companies implement robust anti-corruption compliance programs and engage in collective action initiatives to mitigate these risks. The brief highlights the role of international laws like the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act in incentivizing corporate integrity, while noting that transparency alone is insufficient without strong monitoring and civil society oversight.

The document outlines the specific points of methane and CO2 leakage and combustion within the oil and gas industry. It argues that reducing these emissions is critical for meeting the 1.5 degree warming target, noting that methane is 80x more damaging than CO2 in the short term and that existing technologies can reduce these emissions at low cost. The supply chain is broken down into production and processing (onshore and offshore), transmission and storage, and distribution to end users.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of European CO2 storage capacity, highlighting the North Sea Basin and the Norwegian shelf as the most prospective areas. It details storage potentials in saline aquifers, hydrocarbon fields, and storage reservoirs across various European regions, while also mapping stationary emission sources, noting that power generation is the dominant emitting sector.

The document highlights that Massachusetts has the third most vulnerable affordable housing supply in the United States regarding future coastal flooding. By 2050, 4,818 affordable housing units in the state (2% of its supply) could be exposed to coastal flooding. Boston is identified as the most affected city, with an expected 400% increase in exposed units by 2050, reaching 3,042 units. The report notes that affordable housing is particularly vulnerable because it is often older, of lower quality, and lacks resilience features like flood protection.

The document highlights that New York City has the highest number of affordable housing units at risk of coastal flooding in the United States. By 2050, the number of units at risk in New York City is projected to increase by 248% to 4,774 units. New York State as a whole is the second most vulnerable state in the nation, with 5,293 units projected to be at risk by 2050, representing a 236% increase from current levels.

The document reports that Virginia's affordable housing supply is the fourth most vulnerable in the United States to future coastal flooding. By 2050, 1,473 affordable housing units in Virginia are projected to be at risk, representing a 273% increase from current levels. The cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth are highlighted as particularly vulnerable, with projected increases in exposed units of 523% and 610% respectively.

The document describes a sophisticated 'denial machine' in the United States composed of ten key player types—including corporations, think tanks, and conservative media—that use a multi-tiered 'playbook' of long, medium, and short-term strategies to disseminate misinformation and block climate mitigation policies.

101 Nobel Laureates call for an immediate end to the expansion of fossil fuel production and a fair phase-out of existing production to meet the 1.5°C temperature limit of the Paris Agreement.

The report identifies 24 deforestation fronts across Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, where over 43 million hectares of forest were lost between 2004 and 2017. It argues that while commercial agriculture remains the dominant direct driver, indirect pressures such as population growth, dietary shifts toward meat, and weak governance amplify forest loss. The analysis evaluates a range of responses, from area-based protections and indigenous land rights to commodity-specific certifications and REDD+ frameworks, concluding that no single approach is sufficient and that integrated, context-specific solutions are required to halt deforestation.

The report examines the emerging role of the TCFD framework in South Africa, noting that while awareness is growing, actual implementation remains low. It highlights that the banking and extractive resource sectors are leading adoption due to investor pressure, while pension funds and private equity investors are lagging. Key barriers include 'first mover fear', reporting fatigue from multiple frameworks, and a lack of technical skills for scenario analysis. The document argues that TCFD adoption is critical for South Africa's economic resilience given its high reliance on coal and vulnerability to extreme weather.

The document reviews a report by Mulder et al. (2020), which was commissioned by Shell, regarding the impact of Shell's production limits on global energy consumption. The author, Peter Erickson, argues that Mulder et al. use misleading evidence to downplay the link between supply restrictions and price increases. Erickson asserts that reducing supply leads to higher prices and lower consumption, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. He further disputes the claim that other companies would simply take over Shell's licenses, citing national policy shifts in countries like Denmark and the potential for increased investment risk across the fossil fuel sector.

The report 'POLLUTED PR' details how advertising and PR firms work covertly for the fossil fuel industry to block climate action. It highlights a significant spending gap, noting that the fossil fuel industry spent at least $1 billion on PR and advertising between 2014 and 2018, outspending clean energy trade groups by over 400:1. The document provides case studies of firms like Edelman, Porter Novelli, and FTI Consulting, illustrating tactics such as 'astroturfing' and the promotion of 'false solutions' like algae biofuels to maintain the industry's social license. It concludes by calling for professionals in the creative industry to divest from fossil fuel contracts.

A December 2020 survey of 949 registered U.S. voters reveals broad support for clean energy development, energy efficiency, and international climate cooperation, though significant partisan divides persist regarding the urgency of global warming and specific regulatory policies. While majorities support transitioning to 100% clean energy by 2050 and the Paris Climate Agreement, support for fossil fuel expansion remains higher among Republicans. The report also highlights a general consensus on the economic benefits of clean energy and the importance of climate education in schools.

A December 2020 survey of 949 registered U.S. voters reveals broad support for clean energy development and various climate policies, though significant partisan divides remain regarding the urgency of global warming and specific regulatory measures. While majorities support transitioning to 100% clean energy by 2050 and participating in the Paris Climate Agreement, support for fossil fuel expansion remains higher among Republicans. The report also highlights a general consensus on the importance of infrastructure investment and climate education in schools.

The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) conducted a briefing series on transportation sector climate mitigation, covering ports, aviation, and public transit. A specific focus was placed on commercial aviation's recovery from COVID-19, highlighting sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and aircraft technology improvements, including gas-electric propulsion and efficient engine and airframe designs, as key strategies for reducing emissions.

The document outlines key messages and strategies for enhancing resilience in Latin America, emphasizing the need for a regenerative economy, nature-based solutions, and the integration of urban and rural efforts. It identifies challenges such as the need for greater private sector engagement, the operationalization of the 'resilience' concept, and the impact of climate change on food insecurity. Proposed solutions include regenerative agriculture, impact-oriented investment funds, and the combination of traditional knowledge with modern science to support vulnerable populations.