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The report criticizes Sumitomo Corporation for its continued investment in coal-fired power plants and its role as a leading importer of wood pellets for biomass energy. It argues that these activities drive deforestation in the US, Canada, and Vietnam, and cause severe air pollution and human rights violations in Southeast Asia. The document calls for Sumitomo to commit to a full exit from coal by 2030 and adopt a 'zero deforestation' policy for its biomass supply chain.

The document advocates for a transition to cleaner transportation fuels in the US Midwest, highlighting the region's leadership in biofuels and wind energy. It proposes clean fuels standards as a mechanism to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation, promote higher ethanol blends, and accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).

The study finds that geothermal energy is significantly more cost-effective and sustainable than coal for Kenya's electricity sector. It highlights that geothermal power has a lower Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of approximately USD 10 cents/kWh compared to USD 29.5 cents/kWh for coal. The report warns that planned coal plants in Lamu and Kitui could increase electricity costs by up to 50% due to surplus capacity and result in approximately 1,620 premature deaths by 2065 due to air pollution. Geothermal energy is also found to create three times more domestic employment per MW than coal and aligns better with Kenya's target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below business as usual by 2030.

The document analyzes China's heavy reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, and the fiscal implications of this dependence. It details the structure of government revenues from fossil fuels, the influence of state-owned enterprises, and the prevalence of subsidies. While China has implemented policies to reduce coal overcapacity and peak emissions by 2030, it continues to provide significant subsidies and finance fossil fuel projects internationally through the Belt and Road Initiative.

The report analyzes the intersection of China's climate policies and public health, arguing that achieving NDC targets—primarily through reducing coal dependence and expanding renewables—would significantly reduce premature deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. It highlights a budgetary contradiction where China continues to provide substantial fossil fuel subsidies despite the high health and environmental externalities associated with them. Quantitative models cited in the report suggest that the economic value of avoided premature deaths would far outweigh the costs of implementing climate policies by 2050.

The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Strategy 2020–24 focuses on bridging science, policy, and practice to address global sustainability challenges. The institute identifies three primary impact areas: reducing climate risk, promoting sustainable resource use and resilient ecosystems, and improving health and well-being. To achieve these, SEI employs a theory of change centered on changing agendas, enhancing capacities, and improving decisions. The strategy emphasizes the use of data science, the development of decision-support tools, and the implementation of programmatic hubs called 'Initiatives' to tackle specific issues like carbon lock-in and bioeconomy pathways. Operationally, SEI utilizes a distributed network of centres across five continents to ensure regional relevance and North-South/South-South knowledge exchange. The institute also commits to an environmental policy aiming to reduce its per capita carbon travel footprint by at least 25% between 2017 and 2024.

The document argues that current NDCs insufficiently address the transport sector, which accounts for approximately one-quarter of energy-related CO2 emissions. It advocates for a comprehensive approach based on the "Avoid-Shift-Improve" framework: avoiding unnecessary travel through land-use planning, shifting to low-carbon modes like public transit and cycling, and improving vehicle technology via electrification and fuel efficiency. The authors identify three primary opportunities for NDC enhancement: accelerating electrification and fuel economy, amplifying avoid-and-shift measures, and addressing freight emissions through clean fuels and information technology.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) has issued a statement condemning the Association of Global Automakers—including GM, Toyota, Fiat-Chrysler, and Nissan—for intervening in litigation to support the Trump administration's attempt to strip California of its power to establish vehicle emission standards for greenhouse gases. WRI argues that this position contradicts the interests of customers, investors, and public health, contrasting these companies with others like Ford, Honda, Volkswagen, and BMW, who support California's standards.

The report argues that the PAEL for the Thabametsi power plant is based on flawed Atmospheric Impact Reports and permits outdated sub-critical CFB technology that is less efficient and more polluting than super-critical alternatives. It highlights that the license fails to require continuous emissions monitoring and underestimates NOx, SO2, and particulate matter emissions. Furthermore, the author asserts that adding a new coal plant to the Waterberg Bojanala Priority Area is unjustified given existing violations of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in the region.

The policy brief argues that Indonesia must implement a robust pricing mechanism to prevent a return to expensive fuel subsidies, which contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It recommends pricing models such as smoothing, ratcheting, or price caps and floors to reduce price fluctuations while phasing out subsidies for polluting fuels. The brief suggests redirecting subsidy savings toward low-emission infrastructure, including public transport and electric vehicle charging stations, and improving biofuel governance. It notes that while 2015 reforms saved over USD 15 billion, subsidies have persisted and pricing has remained stagnant despite rising international oil prices.

Earthjustice criticizes EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler's attempt to dismantle the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) using a flawed cost-benefit analysis. The report claims that MATS saves up to 11,000 lives annually and prevents $90 billion in health-related costs, primarily through the reduction of fine particulate matter (soot). It highlights the influence of coal industry lobbyists, specifically Bob Murray, and provides personal testimonies from residents in Pennsylvania, Arizona, and North Carolina who suffer from health issues linked to power plant emissions.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) endorses the IMF's Fiscal Monitor report, which identifies carbon pricing as the most efficient tool for climate mitigation. The WRI highlights the report's finding that carbon pricing could prevent 725,000 premature deaths from air pollution in G20 countries by 2030, while noting that the current global average carbon price of $2 per ton is insufficient to limit warming to 2°C.

The analysis argues that large compensation payments to German lignite operators are unlikely to be legally justified because the sector is currently loss-making and most plants have already amortised their investments. Under the German Constitution, compensation is only required in cases of 'exceptional hardship', which is unlikely given the plants' low profitability. Furthermore, such payments would likely be classified as EU State aid, requiring European Commission approval. The document suggests the Commission would struggle to find such aid proportionate or necessary, as market forces and high carbon prices are already driving closures, and other countries like the UK have phased out coal without compensation.

The report examines Indonesia's transport fuel subsidy regime, noting that while 2015 reforms initially saved over USD 15 billion, subsidies re-emerged as the government fixed prices despite rising international oil costs. This underpricing, particularly of 'Premium' gasoline, resulted in an estimated IDR 54.5 trillion in foregone revenue for Pertamina between 2014 and 2019. The author argues that subsidizing low-quality, high-sulphur fuels exacerbates urban air pollution and health costs, citing a 2010 study where air pollution-related treatment costs in Jakarta reached IDR 38.5 trillion. The document also analyzes the life-cycle emissions of biodiesel and electric vehicles, noting that EVs powered by Indonesia's coal-heavy grid may increase global warming potential compared to internal combustion engines. To resolve these issues, the report proposes three pricing models—smoothing, ratcheting, and cap-and-floor—to minimize price volatility while ensuring fiscal sustainability.

The report argues that the Trump administration has systematically undermined science-based decision-making, which exacerbates existing environmental and health inequities for marginalized communities. It documents rollbacks in air and water pollution enforcement, the suppression of scientific data, and the dismantling of social safety nets and community participation programs. The document provides specific examples of these failures, such as the refusal to ban the pesticide chlorpyrifos and the suppression of PFAS contamination data, while highlighting state and local victories where communities have successfully pushed back against these trends.

The report advocates for treating fossil fuels as the root cause of air pollution and climate change, drawing parallels to tobacco control. It recommends identifying the health impacts of combustion, implementing regulatory measures such as subsidy reform and taxation, and establishing just transition plans for those dependent on the fossil fuel industry.

The report highlights that China, India, and Indonesia all face increased air pollution due to fossil fuel combustion driven by economic growth. It notes that India has decreased fossil fuel subsidies while increasing renewable support, and China has implemented policies to help renewables achieve grid price parity. The document suggests that Indonesia should phase out fossil fuel subsidies and redirect those savings toward energy efficiency and renewables to achieve greenhouse gas reductions and meet NDC targets.

The document argues for the denial of the Tacoma LNG project, claiming it locks Washington into 40 years of fossil fuel dependence and poses significant safety and health risks. It asserts that the project's purpose has shifted from peak-shaving for utility customers to primarily serving as a marine and trucking fuel source, necessitating a new environmental review. The authors contend that the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency (PSCAA) has underestimated greenhouse gas emissions by relying on flawed assumptions regarding methane leakage and the 'no-action' alternative. Additionally, the document highlights failures in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) to address recent LNG disasters, cumulative toxic air emissions in a densely populated urban area, and environmental justice impacts on the South Sound community and the Puyallup Tribe.

The document outlines the physical and mental health risks posed by climate change, such as increased heat-related deaths, air pollution, and the spread of insect-borne diseases like Lyme Disease in Canada. It cites the World Health Organization's view of climate change as the 21st century's greatest health challenge and echoes the IPCC's call to cut emissions by 45% by 2030. The text also details global impacts, including lethal heat waves and economic losses from extreme weather, and provides a list of advocacy actions for health professionals and the public to influence Canadian federal policy.

The document details how climate change exacerbates health risks in Canada, including heat-related illnesses, air pollution, mental health issues, and the spread of vector-borne diseases. It highlights that extreme weather events threaten critical infrastructure and food and water security, while citing the World Health Organization's view of climate change as the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century.