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The report finds that while 98% of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) mention education, there is a significant gap in systemic integration. Only 40% include the education sector in impact and vulnerability assessments, and only 11% consulted Ministries of Education during the design process. While curriculum changes are common priorities (71%), school infrastructure (34%) and educational continuity (26%) are frequently overlooked. Furthermore, only 27% of NAPs provide cost estimates for education-related adaptation measures, hindering the transition from planning to implementation.

The report finds that while 98% of analyzed National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) mention education, there is a significant gap in substantive integration. Only 40% include the education sector in risk and vulnerability assessments, and only 27% provide cost estimates for education-related measures. The analysis highlights a lack of systemic involvement from education ministries during the design phase, with only 11% being consulted, despite the sector's critical role in building community resilience and protecting millions of students from climate-driven disruptions.

The report finds that while 98% of analyzed NAPs reference education, there is a significant gap in systemic integration. Only 40% include the education sector in impact, risk, and vulnerability assessments, and only 16% address all three components of a climate-resilient education system: curriculum change, resilient infrastructure, and educational continuity. While 84% of NAPs include education-related priorities, only 27% provide cost estimates for these actions. Institutional gaps are prominent, with only 11% of NAPs showing evidence that education ministries were consulted during the design process. The report also notes that while 94% of NAPs mention children and youth, only 23% reference their rights.

The report exposes a tightly coordinated network of scientists, doctors, and journalists who used hashtags like #Yes2Meat and #ClimateFoodFacts to discredit the EAT-Lancet report. It details the role of the PR agency Red Flag and industry-funded entities like the UC Davis CLEAR Center in orchestrating these campaigns. The document also analyzes subsequent industry gatherings, such as the Dublin Declaration and the Denver Summit, as efforts to maintain the meat industry's 'social license to operate' through biased scientific narratives and identity-driven influencer campaigns ahead of the EAT-Lancet 2.0 update.

The report examines the integration of finance within National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) across 59 developing countries. It finds that while most NAPs include dedicated finance sections and rely heavily on international public funding, there is a significant gap in detailed costing and the mobilization of private-sector finance. The authors recommend that countries move toward more investment-oriented NAP documents, implement climate-resilient fiscal planning, and adopt tailored financing strategies—particularly for Least Developed Countries (LDCs)—to bridge the adaptation finance gap.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) proposes revisions to the first draft of the Fourth Financing for Development Conference Outcome Document to increase ambition and specificity. Key recommendations include phasing out fossil fuel subsidies without 'inefficient' loopholes, strengthening natural resource taxation, and establishing a broad-based debt-relief initiative. The report also advocates for a phased approach to climate finance in least developed countries and the integration of green public procurement to align fiscal systems with climate goals.

The report analyzes the current state of fossil fuel production references in the climate commitments of the 20 largest producers and provides a framework for including production phase-outs in future NDCs and LT-LEDS. It finds that most producers either omit production plans or signal continued extraction, which contradicts 1.5°C-compatible scenarios. The authors propose five key elements for new commitments: background production data, phase-out targets, restrictive policies, just transition planning, and equity-based international cooperation.

The report examines vertical integration in National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), highlighting the roles of subnational governments and non-governmental actors. Based on an analysis of 45 multisectoral NAPs, it finds that while most countries recognize subnational roles in planning and implementation, gaps remain in monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) and stable financial flows to local levels. It provides recommendations for national governments, subnational authorities, development partners, and funding bodies to strengthen multi-level coordination and capacity.

The report analyzes 41 multisectoral National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to explore their role in managing loss and damage. It finds that while nearly half of NAPs explicitly mention loss and damage and almost all incorporate disaster risk management, there are significant gaps in addressing non-economic losses and irreversible impacts. The authors argue that NAPs are essential tools for minimizing loss and damage and recommend that international funding and planning for loss and damage build upon existing NAP risk assessments and institutional frameworks.

The report analyzes 41 multisectoral NAPs to determine the extent to which they integrate loss and damage (L&D) information and actions. It argues that NAPs are fundamental tools for minimizing L&D through adaptation and disaster risk management, though they often lack detailed analysis of irreversible impacts and non-economic losses. The authors propose a 'spectrum' approach to L&D—ranging from avoidance (mitigation) to minimization (adaptation/DRR) and addressing (humanitarian response/reparations)—and recommend that international financing mechanisms leverage existing NAP risk assessments to avoid duplication and ensure climate justice.

The report analyzes 19 National Adaptation Plan (NAP) documents, sectoral health plans, and Green Climate Fund proposals to assess the integration of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). It finds that while health is universally prioritized as a sector for adaptation, specific SRHR issues are rarely addressed. The document argues that climate change negatively impacts SRHR and that the denial of these rights increases climate vulnerability. It recommends using existing gender and health guidelines, incorporating SRHR into vulnerability assessments, and fostering collaboration between government bodies responsible for climate, gender, and health to ensure inclusive and rights-based adaptation strategies.

The report analyzes the integration of climate and disaster risk finance and insurance (CDRFI) within National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes, finding that while insurance is widely mentioned—particularly for agriculture—there are significant opportunities to better utilize risk analytics, adaptive social protection, and diverse financial instruments to enhance climate resilience in developing countries.

The paper finds that most fossil fuel producing nations fail to use NDCs and LEDS to plan for a managed decline in production, often focusing only on cleaner extraction methods or explicitly planning for continued production.

The report finds that while most reviewed National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) mention gender, they often conflate gender with women's issues and position women as vulnerable beneficiaries rather than agents of change. It highlights significant gaps in context-specific gender analysis and the underutilization of existing in-country gender capacities. The authors recommend that governments commit to gender-responsive processes, enhance institutional linkages between climate and gender actors, and that development partners invest in capacity building and harmonize gender mainstreaming guidance.

The NAP Global Network conducted a pilot review of NAP-related documents in 15 countries, finding that while most countries include gender as a cross-cutting theme or principle, significant gaps remain. Key issues include the tendency to frame women solely as vulnerable groups rather than agents of change, a lack of transparency regarding the gender balance of participants in the planning process, and inconsistent integration of gender into specific adaptation options and monitoring and evaluation frameworks.

The study finds that Italian cities are generally more proactive in climate mitigation than Spanish cities, with earlier plan implementation and more ambitious emission targets. In both countries, mitigation efforts significantly outweigh adaptation efforts, despite high vulnerability levels. The Covenant of Mayors (CoM) is identified as a more influential driver for local action than national policies or networks.

The document provides a framework for integrating gender considerations into National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes through five actions: getting informed via gender analysis, committing to strategic entry points, connecting gender and adaptation actors, assessing impacts using sex-disaggregated data, and reflecting to improve results. It notes that while most NAP documents mention gender, there is a lack of detailed analysis on gender differences and specific implementation plans for adaptation action.

The paper identifies a gap in climate adaptation policy, which typically focuses on domestic, territorial impacts. It proposes a framework for 'indirect impacts'—socio-economic or biophysical effects propagating from one region to another via trade, migration, or hydrological links. An analysis of seven Swedish and European forestry documents reveals that while market-driven outlooks consider global contexts, adaptation-specific policies remain strictly focused on local biophysical changes, ignoring the broader international dimensions of climate risk.

A review of World Bank energy sector lending documents from 2000 to 2006 found a lack of systematic integration of climate change issues, specifically regarding GHG emissions, alternative low-emission approaches, incremental costs, and climate-related indicators.