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This report section analyzes Tunisia's demographic trends and their socio-economic implications up to 2040, highlighting a transition toward an ageing population and the failure to translate human capital into economic growth.

This final report, commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support, provides a comprehensive analysis of scenarios for Estonia to achieve climate-neutral electricity production by 2050. The study evaluates eight scenarios—one baseline and seven climate-neutral—comparing them based on costs, risks, socio-economic impacts, and technical feasibility. The report recommends a strategy based on either 'All Technologies' or 'Renewables and Storage' as the most balanced paths forward, while cautioning against a heavy reliance on nuclear energy or carbon capture and utilization (CCU) due to high risks or poor economic outcomes.

This briefing describes 'Konsumtionskompassen' (Consumption Compass), an Excel-based tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to help Swedish municipalities analyze household climate footprints at the postal code level. The tool aims to identify 'hotspots' of consumption-based emissions to enable the creation of targeted local policy measures and incentives for sustainable consumption.

This introductory section of a special report by the Institute for Security Studies outlines the current socio-economic and humanitarian state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) and introduces a forecasting project to analyze its development pathways to 2050 using the International Futures (IFs) modelling platform.

This introduction to a special report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes Algeria's socio-economic and political challenges leading up to 2040. It highlights a projected modest GDP growth rate of 1.8% between 2020 and 2040, which the authors argue is insufficient to improve livelihoods given the country's dependence on hydrocarbons, high unemployment, and a state-led economic system. The document emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive structural reforms to address governance issues, climate change impacts on agriculture, and regional security threats.

This policy brief examines the global challenge of providing universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation, tracing the history of international efforts from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to the current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It highlights the gap between political targets and actual infrastructure needs, the disproportionate impact of water risk on poor and marginalized populations, and the critical intersection between water security, environmental health, and climate change.

This fact sheet describes a legal challenge filed at the East African Court of Justice (EACJ) by four civil society organizations against the governments of Uganda, Tanzania, and the Secretary General of the East African Community. The applicants seek to stop the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) project, arguing that it violates multiple regional and international treaties regarding environmental protection, human rights, and sustainable development.

This policy brief by Transforma evaluates the economic recovery strategies of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) following the COVID-19 pandemic, arguing that current 'inertial' recovery paths risk locking in fossil fuel dependency and hindering climate goals. It advocates for a 'just and resilient recovery' that integrates social equity, gender perspective, and climate adaptation into long-term economic planning.

This report by WWF South Africa examines the role of the informal waste sector in African cities, advocating for an "inclusive circular economy" that integrates reclaimers into formal waste management systems. It analyzes the operational status, socio-economic challenges, and policy landscapes of reclaimers in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda, arguing that their inclusion is essential for sustainable urban waste management and poverty alleviation.

This case study by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the long-term decline of the United Kingdom's steel industry from the 1970s to 2020. It analyzes the socio-economic and environmental impacts of this decline, the failure of generic regional development policies, and the challenges of transitioning workers from high-status industrial roles to new economic activities. The document aims to provide lessons for current and future decarbonization transitions in carbon-intensive regional economies.

This report evaluates the Youth Enterprise Grants (YEG) pilot project in Mathare, Nairobi, which provided approximately $1,200 in cash grants and a smartphone to 1,018 youth (aged 18-35). The project tested whether these tools could improve economic outcomes for urban youth in informal settlements, comparing lump sum (LS) and monthly payment (MP) models. Key findings indicate a significant shift toward self-employment, improved financial resilience—even during the Covid-19 pandemic—and a high feasibility of mobile money transfers in slum environments, though the impact of specific business-skill apps was limited.

This report evaluates the distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in the Indian state of Jharkhand and tests policy options to improve targeting. Using survey data from 960 households, the study finds that current subsidies are highly regressive, with a disproportionate share of benefits accruing to wealthier households due to their higher consumption rates. The report tests two targeting strategies—volumetric limits and differential subsidies for Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) beneficiaries—but finds that neither significantly improves subsidy incidence, though volumetric targeting does reduce overall government expenditure.

This discussion brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the intersection of air pollution, gender inequality, social equity, and poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It highlights how socio-economic disadvantages increase exposure to pollutants and energy poverty, while noting that air pollution disproportionately affects vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and Roma populations. The document advocates for policy responses that address structural drivers of inequity, improve energy efficiency in social housing, and utilize disaggregated data to protect the most vulnerable.

This research paper analyzes US President Donald Trump's handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, arguing that he treated the crisis as a campaign stage. The author contends that Trump pursued a laissez-faire 'herd immunity' strategy, not for epidemiological reasons, but to frame himself as a protector of the working class and small business owners against a perceived 'elite' scientific and political establishment.

This briefing by the Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI) examines the failure of the South African government to fulfill its 1998 commitment to provide affordable electricity to low-income households, small businesses, and farmers. It highlights a systemic failure in the implementation of the Free Basic Electricity (FBE) policy, where billions of rands intended for poor households are not reaching the intended beneficiaries due to municipal mismanagement.

This report analyzes global access to cooling in 2021, focusing on 54 high-impact countries. It details how the combined effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and rising global temperatures have increased the number of people at risk due to a lack of sustainable cooling, particularly among the rural and urban poor.

This research paper by Mbongiseni Buthelezi examines how the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent hard lockdown in March 2020 exposed and exacerbated existing social, economic, and political fault lines in South Africa. The author analyzes the state's response, the role of the military and police, the emergence of corruption in PPE and food relief procurement, and the evolving relationship between the government, business, and civil society.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the interconnected dynamics of violent extremism, transnational organised crime, and local conflicts in the Liptako-Gourma region, spanning Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. Based on approximately 800 interviews, the study argues that extremist groups are pragmatic actors that exploit local economic vulnerabilities, governance failures, and community tensions to sustain their operations and expand their influence.

The Spatial Challenges and Opportunities Report (2018) provides a comprehensive biophysical, socio-economic, and built environment analysis of Mpumalanga Province to inform its Provincial Spatial Development Framework (PSDF). The report identifies a resource-based economy heavily dependent on coal mining and electricity generation, while highlighting significant spatial fragmentation, infrastructure backlogs, and environmental threats to biodiversity and water sources.

This policy brief, prepared by the Institute for Economic Justice for the Jobs Summit Inclusive Growth working group, examines the potential for agriculture and land reform to generate employment in South Africa. It analyzes the current state of the agricultural sector, proposes policy interventions for commercial farming and land reform, and presents three employment scenarios based on different levels of state support and land redistribution.