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The 2016 Market Intelligence Report by GreenCape analyzes the energy services market in South Africa, focusing on energy efficiency and embedded generation. It identifies key drivers such as rising electricity prices and energy security concerns, while highlighting significant growth in rooftop PV and opportunities within the public sector, particularly in municipal wastewater treatment and public buildings.

The Sustainable Mobility Market Analysis and Opportunity Report by GreenCape evaluates the potential for establishing an electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing hub at the Atlantis Special Economic Zone (ASEZ) in the Western Cape, South Africa. It identifies strategic opportunities across various EV segments—from micro-mobility and public transport to heavy trucks—and emphasizes the need to move from simple assembly to local component manufacturing, particularly in battery cells and semi-conductors, to ensure economic sustainability and competitiveness.

This report by GreenCape evaluates the financial and operational feasibility of installing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on agricultural packhouses, using a modelled apple packhouse to demonstrate the business case. It highlights that the primary value of these systems comes from replacing expensive grid electricity during peak daytime demand—driven by cooling and packing activities—rather than selling excess power back to the grid. The analysis concludes that while large-scale systems are consistently profitable, smaller installations require favorable financing to be viable.

This report by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research examines the challenges of managing scientific information on climate change and biodiversity conservation in the Andean region. It argues that a gap exists between scientific data and political decision-making, proposing the implementation of National Environmental Information Systems and the integration of traditional local knowledge to improve climate adaptation and sustainable development.

This report examines the necessity and challenges of interdisciplinary research to address climate change and biodiversity loss in the Tropical Andes. It argues that traditional, fragmented scientific approaches are insufficient for creating effective adaptation strategies and proposes a holistic model integrating natural sciences, social sciences, and traditional indigenous knowledge to support national policy decisions in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

This report, published by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change across Latin America and the Caribbean. It highlights the vulnerability of rural communities, women, and artisanal fisheries, while discussing the intersection of environmental degradation, public health, and migration. The document advocates for a 'transdisciplinary' approach to science that integrates local and Indigenous knowledge into policy-making to build regional resilience.

This report, published by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (iai) and Latinoamérica21, examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change across Latin America and the Caribbean. It highlights the vulnerability of rural women, the disruption of education by extreme weather, and the drivers of climate-induced migration. The document advocates for a transition toward transdisciplinary science and participatory governance, particularly in water management and public health, to address the socio-ecological crises of the Anthropocene.

This report, published by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change across Latin America and the Caribbean. It highlights the disproportionate vulnerability of rural women, indigenous populations, and coastal communities, while discussing the intersection of environmental degradation with public health, education, and migration. The document advocates for a transdisciplinary approach to science that integrates local and ancestral knowledge to inform public policy and foster regional resilience.

The research paper by Nicolas Lamp explores the emergence of 'multifunctional trade policy,' a paradigm shift where trade policy is used to achieve broad political goals—such as climate mitigation, national security, and labor rights—rather than focusing primarily on economic efficiency and trade liberalization.

This report argues that gender equality is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It examines the historical role of women in UN environmental policies, the economic costs of gender inequality, and the specific benefits of women's leadership in climate action, agriculture, and natural resource management.

This report analyzes energy subsidies in South Africa for financial year (FY) 2025, finding that they totaled at least ZAR 198 billion (USD 10.8 billion). The analysis highlights a heavy reliance on fossil fuel subsidies, significant financial bailouts for the state-owned power company Eskom, and inefficiencies in the Free Basic Electricity (FBE) policy. The document recommends a comprehensive action plan for subsidy reform, a financial recovery plan for Eskom, and a redesign of the carbon tax and liquid fuel subsidies to better support low-income households and the energy transition.

This research paper examines the critical role of financial resources and technological transfer in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. It traces the evolution of international development policy from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to current frameworks like the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, highlighting a persistent funding gap and a digital divide that hinder progress in developing nations.

This background paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the international arbitration case of Vattenfall v. Germany. It analyzes how the Swedish energy utility Vattenfall used the Energy Charter Treaty to challenge German environmental restrictions on a coal-fired power plant, highlighting the tension between international investment protections and a state's ability to regulate for the environment.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines why the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) remain high, particularly within Canada's oil and gas sector. It argues that high design complexity and the need for customization prevent the cost reductions seen in renewable energy technologies, making CCS an inefficient use of public funds for oil and gas, though potentially useful for hard-to-abate industrial sectors like cement.

This executive summary, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in April 2023, evaluates the legal and policy framework for Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) in Madagascar's mining sector. Based on the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) guidelines, the document identifies strengths in Madagascar's existing regulations and institutions while highlighting critical gaps regarding stability clauses, ministerial powers, permit sequencing, and public participation. It provides specific recommendations to align national laws with international best practices to ensure sustainable mining development.

This research paper examines the complex relationship between anthropogenic climate change and forced human migration. It challenges simplistic predictions of mass migration, arguing that displacement is driven by a combination of climate processes (slow-onset changes) and climate events (sudden hazards), mediated by non-climate factors such as governance, poverty, and adaptive capacity. The author outlines three speculative scenarios for future migration based on IPCC emission storylines and discusses the significant development implications for the poorest countries, which are expected to bear the greatest burden of providing for climate migrants.

This 2009 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the use and impact of investment incentives used by Southeast Asian nations to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). It analyzes how these incentives affect economic growth, government revenue, technology transfer, employment, and the environment, while exploring the dynamics of investment competition within the region and with China.

This country diagnostic report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the nexus of food systems, climate change, and diets in Malawi. It examines current trends in poverty, undernourishment, and greenhouse gas emissions, while providing projections to 2030 using the Ceres2030 model. The report highlights the high vulnerability of Malawi's rain-fed agricultural sector to climate shocks and the lack of a formal national definition for a 'healthy diet'.

This briefing provides an overview of Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) provisions within 68 Indian International Investment Agreements (IIAs) signed between 1995 and 2010. It categorizes these provisions into three types based on their formulation and examines the extent to which India defines the normative content of FET to guide arbitral interpretation.

This document describes the energy subsidy framework in Spain, detailing the taxation of fossil fuels, specific tax exemptions and reductions, and legislative measures aimed at eliminating fossil fuel dependence to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.