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This research paper by the Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI) evaluates the local government fiscal framework in South Africa, arguing that the structural assumptions made in the 1998 White Paper on Local Government are fundamentally unsound and have led to widespread municipal financial distress and the erosion of the social wage.

This document is an annex to the 'Mapping India’s Energy Subsidies 2020' report, providing detailed summary tables for specific energy subsidies and a comprehensive description of tax measures related to coal-fired power in India.

This case study, part of a larger report on BRICS nations, analyzes the fiscal relationship between the South African government and fossil fuels, focusing on revenue dependence and the impact of subsidies.

This case study, part of a larger report on BRICS nations, analyzes the fiscal relationship between the Chinese government and fossil fuels, focusing on revenue percentages and the impact of subsidies.

This case study, part of a larger report on BRICS nations, analyzes the fiscal relationship between the Brazilian government and fossil fuels, focusing on revenue dependence and the impact of subsidies.

This case study examines India's fiscal and economic dependence on fossil fuels, detailing government revenues, subsidies, and the risks of asset stranding. It outlines the role of state-owned enterprises in the energy sector and the tension between India's renewable energy targets and its projected continued reliance on coal through 2040.

This case study examines Russia's economic and fiscal dependence on fossil fuels, detailing the sector's contribution to government revenue, the role of state-owned enterprises, and the fiscal implications of energy transition and climate policies.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the economic transition of the Berau District in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from a coal-dependent economy to one based on palm oil. The study finds that shifting from coal to a palm oil mono-crop is unsustainable and risks food security. It recommends a transition plan focusing on RSPO certification, increasing production efficiency, diversifying into other high-value crops like pepper and cocoa, and developing downstream processing refineries to capture added value and increase government revenue.

This report examines the role of the hydrocarbon sector in Mexico's energy transition, analyzing fiscal contributions from the extraction and consumption of fossil fuels and identifying opportunities to accelerate the shift toward renewable energy and energy efficiency.

This report analyzes Indonesia's fiscal relationship with fossil fuels, examining the decline in production revenues, the inefficiency of consumption subsidies, and the potential for investing in renewable energy to drive economic diversification.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the Indonesian Village Fund, a fiscal instrument established in 2015 to promote rural economic development and reduce welfare gaps. While the fund has grown significantly in size and provides over 50% of village revenue, the study finds that spending is overwhelmingly directed toward transportation infrastructure rather than sustainable land use or environmental protection. The report identifies critical gaps in technical capacity, regulatory guidance, and coordination between village and district planning, offering five strategic recommendations to align the fund with sustainability goals.

This report outlines how combining fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) and increased gasoline and diesel taxation can generate government revenue, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and fund sustainable development goals.

This briefing note from the International Institute for Sustainable Development details the Indian government's efforts to reform energy subsidies, specifically targeting petroleum products and electricity, to reduce fiscal deficits and improve infrastructure connectivity.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the fiscal impact of India's Direct Benefit Transfer for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (DBTL), also known as PAHAL. The document challenges claims by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) regarding subsidy savings, arguing that the program likely resulted in a net fiscal cost in FY 2014/15 due to implementation expenses and the fact that most irregular connections were blocked through prior, non-DBTL processes.

This research paper examines the structural inequality in the distribution of centrally financed fuel subsidies in India, arguing that Bihar, one of the country's poorest states, consistently receives the lowest per capita subsidy transfers compared to wealthier states.

This research paper analyzes the economic constraints facing South Africa in the context of the #FeesMustFall student protests, specifically examining the 2015 Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS). It details the government's struggle with rising debt, low growth, and the competing financial demands of social spending, infrastructure, and energy security.

This policy brief provides feedback from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) on the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change's (MOECC) 2015 Climate Change Discussion Paper. The IISD supports the vision of a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy and offers specific recommendations on carbon pricing, the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies, the integration of adaptation into infrastructure, and the inclusion of traditional knowledge from First Nations and Métis communities.

This factsheet outlines the fiscal impact of fuel subsidies in India, the government's targets for subsidy reduction, and a series of research reports by IISD, NIPFP, and TERI aimed at reforming diesel, LPG, and kerosene subsidies through mechanisms like cash transfers.

This report and accompanying analysis from the International Institute for Sustainable Development outline the fiscal burden of fuel subsidies in Indonesia, the government's reform efforts to reduce gasoline and kerosene subsidies, and the potential for transitioning to electric induction cooking to reduce LPG subsidy costs.

A briefing from Friends of the Earth arguing that a congressional super committee can reduce the US deficit without harming the environment by eliminating subsidies for polluting industries and implementing a carbon tax.