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The document highlights Iran's significant superhot rock geothermal resources, noting that just 1% of this endowment could generate 3,121,694 GWh of electricity, far exceeding the country's 2021 consumption of 344,157 GWh. It argues that this energy source offers a low land-use footprint, provides reliable 24/7 power, and creates a transition pathway for Iran's oil and gas workforce.

The document highlights that just 1% of Iraq's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 39 GW of energy capacity, exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption by four times. It argues that this resource could replace all gas and electricity imports, reduce carbon emissions by approximately 54 megatonnes, and leverage existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a zero-carbon transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Italy's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 131 GW of energy capacity, exceeding the country's 2021 electricity demand of 289,064 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal, gas, and electricity imports used for power generation, reducing electricity sector emissions by approximately 93 megatonnes of CO2eq. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land-use footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide 24/7 firm power, which reduces the need for extensive new transmission infrastructure.

The document highlights that just 1% of Japan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 700 GW of energy capacity, potentially replacing all coal and gas used for electricity production and meeting projected 2050 electricity demand. It argues that this technology offers a low-land-footprint, firm power alternative to fossil fuel imports from Australia and Malaysia, though it is unlikely to reach commercial scale by 2030.

A joint letter from industry and NGO signatories urging the EU to include specific e-fuel subtargets and infrastructure requirements within the Fitfor55 Package to ensure the decarbonisation of the shipping sector.

The document highlights that just 1% of Jordan's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 128 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 21,354 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all fossil fuels used for electricity production, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 8 megatonnes, which represents 59% of Jordan's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goal. Additionally, the technology is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide 24/7 power, reducing reliance on energy imports from the United States and Egypt.

The document highlights that just 1% of Kazakhstan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 257 GW of energy capacity, generating over 2,136,401 GWh of electricity. This amount is 19 times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production. The technology is described as a land-efficient, 24/7 renewable energy source that could leverage Kazakhstan's existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a zero-carbon transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Kenya's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 131 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 63,694 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace coal imports, reduce land-use footprints compared to other renewables, and leverage Kenya's existing geothermal expertise to foster economic growth and decarbonization.

The document highlights that just 1% of Kyrgyzstan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 85 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 15,137 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 3 megatonnes of CO2eq, which represents 43% of the nation's NDC goal. Additionally, it could eliminate dependence on energy imports from Russia and Kazakhstan and requires significantly less land (12 km² per GW) than solar, wind, or biomass.

The document highlights that just 1% of Laos's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 200 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 44,913 GWh. While not expected to reach commercial scale by 2030, the technology could theoretically replace all coal and gas in the electricity sector, reducing emissions by approximately 14 megatonnes of CO2eq, which represents 23% of Laos's Nationally Determined Contribution goal. The report also notes the technology's low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide reliable 24/7 power.

Egypt has reduced gas flaring by 26% since 2016 through targeted capture projects, yet it remains the world's 12th largest flarer. The report identifies a theoretical opportunity to recover up to 3.7 BCM of gas annually, which could add $7 billion to the economy and reduce emissions by 88 million CO2-equivalent tonnes. It highlights specific 'gas to pipeline' and 'gas to power' projects as commercially viable models that can be deployed within 9-18 months. The authors advocate for a data-led approach using satellite tracking to prioritise interventions and call for increased international investment and government coordination to eliminate routine flaring.

The signatories call for a 68% reduction in ETS emissions, the phase-out of free allowances by 2030, and the introduction of stricter conditionality for any remaining free allowances to ensure they support clean production rather than acting as subsidies for high-emitting sectors.

The letter calls for the establishment of an annual EU CCUS Forum, a comprehensive European Strategy for CO2 capture, transport, and storage networks, targeted Innovation Fund support for CDR demonstration projects before 2030, and enhanced Horizon Europe funding to move CO2 technologies from research to industrial deployment.

The document highlights that just 1% of Libya's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 2,399 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 72,149 GWh. It argues that this technology offers a low-land-footprint alternative to fossil fuels and other renewables, while providing a transition pathway for Libya's oil and gas workforce.

The report analyzes methane emissions from LNG liquefaction, transport, and regasification, as well as small-scale distribution. It identifies key emission drivers such as fugitive leaks, boil-off gas (BOG) management, incomplete combustion in power generation and flaring, and gas-freeing during maintenance. The document provides a comprehensive set of best practices, including Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) programs, the use of dry-disconnect couplings, reliquefaction units, and vapor recovery systems to minimize the climate impact of the LNG supply chain.

Louisiana is the leading U.S. state in both dedicated hydrogen production and consumption, producing nearly 2.5 million metric tons annually. The state leverages its industrial clusters and infrastructure to attract over $20 billion in private investment for clean hydrogen, which is primarily intended to replace conventional hydrogen in petroleum refining, ammonia, and methanol production.

Louisiana is the largest U.S. ecosystem for hydrogen, ranking first nationally in dedicated hydrogen production and serving as a major hub for petroleum refining, ammonia, and methanol production.

The document highlights that just 1% of Malaysia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 516 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 179,977 GWh. While not expected to reach commercial scale by 2030, the technology offers a path to replace fossil fuel imports—specifically 90% of coal and 20% of natural gas—and requires significantly less land (12 km² per 1 GW) than solar, wind, or biomass.

The EU Methane Regulation is a transparency and performance framework rather than a trade restriction. It does not ban imports, but instead relies on monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) requirements. Compliance costs are estimated to be negligible, with potential gas price impacts around €0.07/MMBtu, which is less than 1% of projected wholesale prices. The regulation is phased in gradually, with import requirements applying to fuels produced from 2027. Market incentives for exporters to maintain access to the high-value EU market, combined with expanding global LNG capacity and declining EU gas demand, further mitigate the risk of supply disruptions. Price volatility in the energy market is attributed to geopolitical risks rather than regulatory requirements.

The document analyzes methane abatement in Argentina's oil and gas sector, identifying a technical abatement potential of 32% of estimated emissions using four key technologies. It highlights that while many measures are low-cost or net-positive when gas is monetized, deployment is hindered by a fragmented regulatory framework and economic instability.