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The UN 2023 Water Conference in New York brought together over 6,500 participants to address the global water crisis. Key outcomes included the appointment of a UN Special Envoy for Water and the creation of the Water Action Agenda, which comprises approximately 700 voluntary commitments totaling USD 300 billion. The conference highlighted the urgent need to quadruple efforts to meet SDG 6 targets, emphasizing a nexus approach (water-food-energy) and the recognition of water as a global common good amidst the pressures of climate change and population growth.

This document describes the energy subsidy framework in Spain, detailing the taxation of fossil fuels, specific tax exemptions and reductions, and legislative measures aimed at eliminating fossil fuel dependence to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

This briefing note from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) details the state of energy subsidies and renewable energy targets in India as of December 2018. It covers proposed amendments to the Electricity Act 2003, the fiscal burden of oil and LPG subsidies, the financial stress within the power sector, and the government's ambitions for renewable energy capacity.

This research paper examines the distributive welfare impacts of energy price increases resulting from a Kyoto Protocol scenario—specifically a 6% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from 1990 levels. Using a welfare model based on consumer surplus and data from the Canadian residential sector, the authors simulate how different income groups are affected and propose compensation mechanisms to ensure equity.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides recommendations for integrating environmental and public interest protections into the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The author argues that the new agreement should move beyond the 'soft legal obligations' of recent mega-regional deals like CETA and the TPP, instead strengthening the legacy of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) to ensure trade liberalization aligns with sustainable development.

This executive summary details an expert meeting held on June 13, 2018, in Ottawa, Canada, organized by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). The meeting brought together representatives from the Canadian government, academics, and civil society to discuss the reform of international investment law and the revision of Canada's model Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (FIPA). The discussions focused on transitioning from a traditional investment protection model to one that promotes sustainable development and addresses the negative impacts of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms.

The Zero Hunger Private Sector Pledge is a non-binding initiative designed to encourage companies to align their financial investments with evidence-based interventions to end hunger by 2030. This guidance document outlines the conditions for signing the pledge, the types of eligible financial commitments, the governance structure of the initiative, and the reporting requirements for participating companies.

This guide provides a framework for companies and investment funds to make financial commitments to the 'Private Sector Pledge for Zero Hunger'. It outlines how businesses can align their investments with scientific evidence to help eradicate hunger by 2030, detailing the types of eligible investments, priority regions, and the governance structure for implementing these non-binding pledges.

This fact sheet, based on a report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, outlines the potential climate and financial impacts of fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) and fossil energy taxation across 32 countries by 2030.

This executive summary describes a study conducted by PT. Q Energy South East Asia and PT. Cakramustika Swadaya for the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to identify and measure subsidies provided to oil and gas producers in Indonesia's upstream sector. The study aligns with Indonesia's commitment at the September 2009 G-20 summit to rationalize and eliminate inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.

This August 2012 factsheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) summarizes research on India's fuel subsidies for high-speed diesel, domestic liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and public distribution system (PDS) kerosene. It details the fiscal burden of these subsidies, the market distortions they create, and provides a roadmap for reform through price deregulation and targeted cash transfers.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the impact of fossil-fuel subsidy reforms on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. It argues that while SMEs are generally less energy-intensive than large enterprises, they are more vulnerable to price shocks due to lower coping capacities and a heavy reliance on low-income consumers who are most affected by fuel-driven inflation.

The Fossil-Fuel Subsidy Reform Communiqué advocates for the accelerated elimination of fossil-fuel subsidies to meet global climate targets, citing economic, environmental, and social benefits while emphasizing the need for transparency and protections for vulnerable populations.

This report documents a multidisciplinary workshop held from May 7th to 9th, 1999, in San Rafael de Heredia, Costa Rica, organized by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). The event brought together 38 scientists, researchers, and policy specialists from 17 countries to discuss the design of effective indicators for sustainable development, specifically focusing on the feasibility of aggregated national-level indicators and the integration of measurement results into decision-making processes.

This report analyzes the 'true cost' of electricity generation in Indonesia, finding that coal is significantly more expensive than renewable energy when subsidies and externalities (air pollution and CO2 emissions) are included. While coal subsidies were estimated at USD 644.8 million in 2015 (likely an underestimate), renewable subsidies totaled USD 132.8 million. Despite a projected slight decline in coal's share of the primary energy mix by 2050, total consumption growth implies a large expansion in coal production, including a near-term plan for 20 GW of new coal capacity.

This September 2009 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the financing requirements for climate change mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. It analyzes the gap between current funding levels and estimated needs, evaluates various proposed funding mechanisms—including national and international levies—and discusses the governance challenges of managing these funds within the UNFCCC framework ahead of the COP 15 negotiations in Copenhagen.

This executive summary examines the potential impacts of proposed World Trade Organization (WTO) fisheries subsidy rules on the Southern Longline (SLL) tuna fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. The study focuses on South Pacific albacore and analyzes six primary fleets to determine how prohibitions on subsidies for illegal fishing, overfished stocks, and overcapacity would affect vessel profitability and regional management.

Demand for eco-certified fish is growing in the US and Europe, driven by young consumers and those viewing the products as status symbols. In the US, supermarket choice is influenced by eco-certification commitments, while Canada's primary European export markets include France, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Spain.

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) explains the function and effectiveness of Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) as a bioremediation tool for improving freshwater lake health by removing nutrients and contaminants.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues for an integrated approach to climate change in the agriculture sector, moving away from treating mitigation and adaptation as separate policy goals. It identifies specific agricultural management practices that provide a 'triple dividend' of increased food security, improved adaptive capacity, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, while outlining the financial, institutional, and technical barriers to their adoption.