Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform BY THE NUMBERS

This fact sheet, based on a report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, outlines the potential climate and financial impacts of fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) and fossil energy taxation across 32 countries by 2030.

• Consumer fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) across 32 analyzed countries could reduce CO2 emissions by 5.46 billion tonnes by 2030, resulting in an average national GHG emission reduction of 6% by 2030. In specific countries where subsidies make up a large portion of the government budget, emission reductions could reach 35%.
• FFSR could save governments nearly USD 3 trillion by 2030, with an average saving of USD 546 for every tonne of CO2 removed. If 30% of these savings were invested in renewable energy and energy efficiency, governments would still save USD 164 per tonne of CO2 removed.
• Combining four measures—FFSR, investing subsidy savings, a 10% fossil energy tax, and investing tax revenue—could reduce global CO2e emissions by 10.42 billion tonnes by 2030. The 10% tax alone could raise over USD 1.7 trillion cumulatively between 2025 and 2030, and investing those revenues into energy efficiency and renewable energy would further reduce CO2 emissions by 2.4 billion tonnes by 2030.
• Seven countries—Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, China, India, Russia, Iran, and Egypt—are identified as having the highest possible absolute emission reductions, with each potentially achieving close to or more than 400 million tonnes in GHG emission reductions by 2030. Five of these seven countries are members of the G20.

APA

International Institute for Sustainable Development (n.d.). Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform BY THE NUMBERS. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-08/ffs-reform-numbers.pdf

Chicago

International Institute for Sustainable Development. Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform BY THE NUMBERS. n.d. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-08/ffs-reform-numbers.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=International Institute for Sustainable Development |title=Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform BY THE NUMBERS |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-08/ffs-reform-numbers.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{internationalinstituteforsustainabledevelopmentndfossil, author = {{International Institute for Sustainable Development}}, title = {{Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform BY THE NUMBERS}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-08/ffs-reform-numbers.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }