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The report assesses how proposed WTO disciplines on subsidies—specifically those targeting illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, overexploited stocks, and overcapacity—would affect shrimp fisheries in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador. It finds that many shrimp populations in the region are overexploited and that fuel subsidies significantly support the profitability of industrial fleets. The authors argue that reforming these harmful subsidies and redirecting funds toward beneficial management programs could improve ecological sustainability and economic efficiency without necessarily reducing total catches, given the current state of overcapitalization.

The report analyzes how WTO rules targeting illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, overexploited stocks, and overcapacity would affect the sardinella fishery in West Africa. It finds that most industrial and artisanal fleets in the region, particularly those from Senegal, Mauritania, and the EU, rely on subsidies—especially fuel and access subsidies—to remain economically viable. The document argues that while removing these subsidies would likely lead to stock recovery and long-term profitability, it could cause short-term socio-economic hardship for artisanal fishers. It recommends a phased approach, prioritizing the removal of industrial subsidies first, and emphasizes the need for improved monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) to prevent a shift toward IUU fishing.

The report examines how subsidies for industrial and artisanal fishing in West Africa contribute to the overexploitation of sardinelle stocks and analyzes how potential WTO disciplines on subsidies—specifically those targeting illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, overfished stocks, and overcapacity—could improve sustainability while posing short-term socio-economic risks to local communities.

The NAP Global Network Progress Report 2018-2019 details the network's efforts to scale up climate adaptation in developing countries. It notes that 120 developing countries have launched National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes and highlights the influence of the Global Commission on Adaptation and the UN Secretary General in prioritizing resilience and adaptation during 2019.

The report identifies a significant 'production gap,' noting that planned fossil fuel production by 2030 exceeds levels consistent with a 2°C pathway by 50% and a 1.5°C pathway by 120%. It argues that these plans are inconsistent with Paris Agreement pledges and are driven by national plans, subsidies, and public finance, while highlighting the need for international cooperation and policy alignment in updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs).

British Columbia provided CAD 830 million in fossil fuel subsidies during 2017–2018, with a significant portion consisting of royalty credits for producers. The report argues that these subsidies, including support for the liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry via the BC-LNG Canada Agreement, undermine the 2018 CleanBC plan and hinder the province's ability to meet greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets.

The document describes a pioneered practice of harvesting cattails and other plants from water retention areas and drainage ditches to remove phosphorus, improve habitat, and create biomass for energy and bioproducts. It highlights the role of this 'unconventional' waste biomass in a circular economy by recycling nutrients and sequestering carbon in soil. The review specifically looks at global carbon markets since the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement to find verification methodologies suitable for bioeconomy projects in Manitoba and Canada.

In 2017, fossil fuels accounted for 92% of South Africa's primary energy supply, with related taxes and revenues making up 6.8% of general government revenue. The document argues that these revenues should be used to diversify the economy and cover the social costs of a just transition, while the phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies would increase government revenues and promote clean energy.

In 2017, fossil fuels accounted for 89% of China's primary energy supply, with related taxes and revenues representing 4.2% of general government revenue. The document argues that phasing out fossil fuel subsidies and strategically using these revenues can support economic diversification and the social costs of a just transition for vulnerable workers and communities.

The report analyzes the reliance of BRICS nations on fossil fuel revenues and subsidies, urging a strategic shift in fiscal policy to diversify economies and support vulnerable groups during the clean energy transition.

In 2017, fossil fuels accounted for 55% of Brazil's primary energy supply, with related taxes and revenues comprising 6.8% of general government revenue. The document argues that these revenues should be used to diversify the economy and cover the social costs of a just transition, while the phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies would increase government revenues and support the shift to clean energy.

The report analyzes the dependence of BRICS governments on fossil fuel revenues and the risks posed by the clean energy transition, including asset stranding and revenue loss. It provides 2017 data on revenues and subsidies, highlighting Russia's high fiscal exposure and the potential for 'fossil fuel to clean energy subsidy swaps' to fund a just transition.

India's energy system is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which provided 75% of its total energy supply in 2017. The state derives significant revenue from this sector—17.8% of general government revenue in 2017—but also provides substantial subsidies. While India has set ambitious renewable energy targets, including 450 GW, coal is projected to remain a mainstay of the energy mix through 2040. The government faces risks from stranded assets, with approximately 40 GW of coal-fired power plant capacity identified as "non-performing" as of 2018.

The document details Russia's high reliance on fossil fuels, which accounted for 90% of its total energy supply in 2017 and 23.6% of general government revenue. It highlights the dominance of state-owned enterprises like Gazprom and Rosneft, the government's strategy to expand exports to the Asia-Pacific region, and the significant fiscal gap created by the under-taxation of fossil fuel consumption. The report also examines various forms of production and consumption subsidies, as well as the role of the National Welfare Fund in managing windfall revenues.

The document analyzes South Africa's heavy reliance on coal, which provided 89% of its electricity in 2017. It details the fiscal impact of this dependence, noting that while fossil fuel production revenues are modest, consumption taxes—primarily the fuel levy—contribute significantly to government revenue. The report also highlights the role of state-owned enterprises like Eskom and PetroSA, the risks of asset stranding, and the government's commitment to a 'just transition' and carbon taxation despite political flux in energy policy.

The policy brief examines the political landscape of President Joko Widodo's second-term cabinet, noting that the inclusion of opposition figures may grant him control over 74 per cent of the People's Representative Council. While the new Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources is tasked with meeting renewable energy targets and reducing oil and gas imports, the document notes that Widodo's first term saw renewable energy overshadowed by coal power expansion and palm oil biodiesel projects. The brief highlights the 2019 Low Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) as a framework to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43 per cent by 2030 while maintaining 6 per cent GDP growth.

The report highlights that British Columbia provides hundreds of millions of dollars in fossil fuel subsidies, which contradicts its CleanBC policy and carbon pricing efforts. It specifically identifies the LNG sector and royalty credits as major areas of concern and recommends a comprehensive phase-out plan and increased data transparency.

Brazil's economy is influenced by significant fossil fuel reserves, particularly 'pre-salt' oil, though it is the least dependent on fossil fuels among BRICS nations due to biofuels and hydropower. In 2017, fossil fuel revenues accounted for 6.8% of general government revenue, while subsidies represented 0.3% of GDP. The government continues to seek increased oil and gas production despite climate commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030. Fiscal complexities include high state-level VAT on fuels, significant tax exemptions for production, and the earmarking of royalties for health and education.

The document analyzes China's heavy reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, and the fiscal implications of this dependence. It details the structure of government revenues from fossil fuels, the influence of state-owned enterprises, and the prevalence of subsidies. While China has implemented policies to reduce coal overcapacity and peak emissions by 2030, it continues to provide significant subsidies and finance fossil fuel projects internationally through the Belt and Road Initiative.

The report analyzes the intersection of China's climate policies and public health, arguing that achieving NDC targets—primarily through reducing coal dependence and expanding renewables—would significantly reduce premature deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. It highlights a budgetary contradiction where China continues to provide substantial fossil fuel subsidies despite the high health and environmental externalities associated with them. Quantitative models cited in the report suggest that the economic value of avoided premature deaths would far outweigh the costs of implementing climate policies by 2050.