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This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the global trend of 'green industrial policies' and the risks they pose to emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). It argues that current policies in major economies often prioritize domestic benefits and geopolitical security over global fairness, potentially creating a 'two-speed' transition that hinders global climate goals. The document proposes several pathways to ensure a more inclusive transition, including scaled-up climate finance, technology transfer, and the adaptation of trade rules.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative defines carbon finance as the policies, instruments, and markets used to reduce or offset greenhouse gas emissions through pricing or trading systems, including carbon taxes, credits, and border adjustments.

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the commercial agricultural sector in the Western Cape, South Africa, detailing its climatic conditions, production statistics, investment trends, and trade dynamics. It specifically examines the impact of extreme weather events, the shift toward digital agricultural investments, and the implications of new European Union sustainability directives on South African exports.

In the first half of 2025, global solar and wind generation grew sufficiently to exceed total electricity demand growth, resulting in renewables overtaking coal in the global electricity mix for the first time. While global power sector CO2 emissions fell marginally by 0.2%, results varied by region, with emissions decreasing in China and India but increasing in the US and EU.

This submission by Ember to the New South Wales (NSW) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides recommendations to strengthen proposed climate change requirements for large greenhouse gas emitters, specifically focusing on coal mine methane (CMM) reporting and abatement to align with NSW's Net Zero Emissions targets.

The report 'Global Electricity Mid-Year Insights 2025' by Ember analyzes global electricity generation from January to June 2025. It finds that solar and wind growth exceeded global demand growth, leading to renewables overtaking coal's share in the global electricity mix for the first time on record and causing power sector CO2 emissions to plateau.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative analyzes the decarbonisation pathways for the cement and steel industries in Brazil. It identifies key emission sources, evaluates emerging technologies like low-carbon hydrogen (LCH) and carbon capture and storage (CCS), and examines the financial and regulatory frameworks—including the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE)—necessary to transition these hard-to-abate sectors toward a low-carbon economy to maintain international competitiveness.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative analyzes the market, policies, and investment opportunities for decarbonizing the cement and steel industries in Brazil. It identifies critical emission sources, evaluates emerging technologies like low-carbon hydrogen and carbon capture, and outlines the regulatory landscape, including the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE) and the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment executive summary reports that global forests remain in crisis, with deforestation and degradation continuing at high levels despite international commitments. The document highlights a systemic failure to meet 2030 goals, driven by agricultural expansion and poor governance, while noting that current funding and corporate actions are insufficient to reverse the trend.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment reports that global forests remain in crisis, with deforestation and degradation rates failing to decline significantly. The document highlights a systemic failure where corporate commitments are insufficient, public and private financing is misaligned with conservation goals, and governance is undermined by power imbalances and illegal activities. While some national reforms and restoration efforts show promise, the report calls for systemic changes, mandatory regulations, and inclusive governance to meet 2030 targets.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment reports that global forests remain in crisis, with 8.1 million hectares lost in 2024 and primary tropical forest losses emitting 3.1 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. Deforestation is driven largely by permanent agriculture (86%), while forest degradation is accelerating, particularly in the Amazon. The report finds that corporate voluntary commitments are insufficient—only 3% of Forest 500 companies meet expectations—and public financing for forests (approx. $5.7 billion annually) is a fraction of the funding for harmful agricultural subsidies. Governance remains biased toward powerful interests, with 61-94% of tropical deforestation for agriculture estimated to be illegal. The assessment calls for systemic changes, including mandatory regulations, integrated landscape approaches, and inclusive decision-making involving indigenous peoples and local communities.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment is an executive summary produced by a civil society coalition to monitor progress toward global forest goals. It concludes that the world is 'off track' to meet 2030 targets, citing continued large-scale deforestation, increasing forest degradation, and a significant gap between international commitments and actual implementation in governance, finance, and corporate behavior.

The Forest Declaration Assessment 2025 reports that global forests remain in crisis, with deforestation and degradation rates failing to decline significantly by the halfway point of the decade. The document highlights a systemic failure in corporate commitments, a drastic misalignment of public and private finance, and persistent governance barriers, while noting that inclusive, participatory approaches and specific national reforms offer potential pathways to recovery.

This research paper by RMI proposes the establishment of a government-led Advance Market Commitment (AMC) to scale carbon removal technologies. It argues that current voluntary and compliance markets are insufficient to meet the gigaton-scale requirements needed by midcentury and provides a framework for governments to coordinate demand, harmonize standards, and catalyze private investment to bridge the funding and deployment gap.

This research paper analyzes Nigeria's potential to become a key supplier of critical minerals (such as lithium, cobalt, and copper) for the global energy transition. While Nigeria possesses vast reserves valued at over USD 700 billion, the sector is hindered by severe underinvestment in exploration and a lack of functional processing infrastructure. The report emphasizes a shift toward domestic value addition—rejecting raw ore exports in favor of local battery and component manufacturing—and highlights the influence of foreign investments, particularly from China. It recommends a comprehensive national strategy and massive infrastructure investment to move from raw material extraction to high-value downstream production.

The executive summary of the 2025 Stocktake report by the Net Zero Tracker analyzes the prevalence and integrity of net-zero targets across national, subnational, and corporate entities as of September 2025, noting a rise in total targets despite political headwinds and significant gaps in target robustness.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics debunks common myths about renewable energy, demonstrating that solar and wind are now the cheapest and most efficient power sources. It provides evidence that renewables are reliable when integrated with storage, have lower wildlife and environmental impacts than fossil fuels, and occupy minimal land. The document specifically clarifies that a 2025 blackout in the Iberian Peninsula was caused by grid failures rather than renewable energy usage.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute outlines the current state of the global circular economy, emphasizing the urgent need to reduce resource consumption to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. It highlights the disparity in material footprints between high- and low-income populations, the leadership and challenges of the European Union, and the stagnation of global resource productivity since 2000.

The China Energy Transition Review 2025 by Ember analyzes China's rapid shift toward clean energy and electrification, detailing how its domestic policies and manufacturing scale are driving down global costs and pushing global fossil fuel demand toward a structural decline.

This case study by Ember examines the underreporting of methane emissions at the Hail Creek coal mine in Australia and the resulting supply chain risks for major steel companies, specifically ArcelorMittal, POSCO, and Nippon Steel.