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The World Resources Institute identifies four priorities for COP25 in Madrid: increasing national climate ambition (NDCs), finalizing rules for carbon markets (Article 6) and NDC time frames, reviewing the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage, and increasing financial support and capacity-building for developing nations.

A Green Bond Fact Sheet detailing a EUR22m/USD24m bond issued by Grenergy Renovables on November 8, 2019, to finance solar and onshore wind projects.

This report by Sandbag analyzes the significant decline in coal-fired electricity generation across the European Union during the first half of 2019, attributing the collapse to the rise of renewables, carbon pricing driving a switch to natural gas, and plant closures.

This report by Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe and Sandbag analyzes the draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of 21 EU Member States that use coal for electricity. It finds that the EU is on track to miss the goal of stopping coal use by 2030 to limit global warming to 1.5°C, with 60 GW of capacity projected to remain in 2030.

This fact sheet details a EUR 500 million green bond issued by the Instituto de Crédito Oficial (ICO), a Spanish state-owned bank, on April 9, 2019. The bond is intended to finance or refinance projects providing environmental benefits across six eligibility areas, including renewable energy and clean transportation, supporting Spain's goal of carbon neutrality by 2050.

This fact sheet details a EUR1bn green bond issued by Telefónica on 05-Feb-2019, marking the first green bond by a European ICT issuer. The proceeds are intended to finance projects promoting energy efficiency and GHG emission reductions within Telefónica's operations and those of its clients.

This report analyzes the increase in irregular migration from the Maghreb region to Europe, noting a shift from the region acting as a transit zone to becoming a primary zone of departure. The author argues that domestic economic decline and structural inequality are driving this trend, which in turn complicates diplomatic migration agreements between North African states and European nations.

This 2019 report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (GI-ESCR) analyzes how United Nations human rights treaty bodies (HRTBs) are defining the obligations of States to protect human rights amidst climate change. The report focuses on the record level of engagement by HRTBs in 2018, detailing recommendations across adaptation, mitigation, procedural rights, and international cooperation, with specific syntheses for the committees focusing on women (CEDAW), economic, social and cultural rights (CESCR), and children (CRC).

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines public sector green bond activity and policy developments during 2018. It details sovereign issuances, the creation of green bond market development toolkits for emerging markets, the European Union's progress toward a sustainable finance taxonomy, and the increasing role of central banks in managing climate-related financial risks.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (GI-ESCR) examines how the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) addresses climate change within the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC Convention). It focuses on the CRC's 2018 state reporting procedure, highlighting recommendations on mitigation, adaptation, procedural rights, and international cooperation.

This briefing document provides context for the 2019 Green Economy Coalition (GEC) Global Meeting in Cape Town. It reviews the state of the global green transition in 2018, outlines the GEC's ten-year history and mission to champion inclusion, equity, and environmental limits, and defines the meeting's focus on ensuring 'everyone gets a stake' in the transition through participation, livelihoods, and ownership rights.

This briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute discusses the 'production gap'—the divergence between planned fossil fuel production and the levels consistent with Paris Agreement temperature goals. It argues that supply-side policies, such as production limits and subsidy removals, are essential to avoid carbon lock-in and achieve cost-effective emission reductions.

This executive summary describes the PRINCE project, a three-year research initiative led by Statistics Sweden and commissioned by Naturvårdsverket and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management. The project developed a hybrid modeling approach combining Swedish environmental-economic data with the EXIOBASE multiregional input-output (MRIO) model to estimate the environmental pressures associated with Swedish consumption both domestically and abroad. This framework was specifically designed to monitor Sweden's 'Generational Goal,' which aims to solve domestic environmental problems without increasing impacts outside Sweden's borders.

This document is a draft of the Strategic Plan for the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), presented as a notification to member Parties on November 27, 2018. The plan outlines a long-term vision for 2019–2044, aiming to bridge the gap between science and policy to foster a sustainable American continent through interdisciplinary research, capacity building, and open data.

The 'People Power Now!' Energy Manifesto, published by Friends of the Earth International in November 2018, calls for a systemic overhaul of the global energy system to achieve climate justice and energy sovereignty. The document argues that the current economic model, driven by corporate profit and the commodification of nature, is unsustainable and must be replaced by a people-centered system based on 100% renewable energy, energy sufficiency, and social equity.

This manifesto by Friends of the Earth International calls for a systemic transformation of the global energy system to achieve energy sovereignty and climate justice. It argues that the current economic model, based on privatization and the commodification of nature, has led to ecological and social crises. The document outlines ten key demands, emphasizing that energy should be treated as a common good rather than a commodity, and advocating for a transition to 100% renewable energy that is decentralized, community-controlled, and socially just.

This manifesto by Friends of the Earth International calls for a radical transformation of the global energy system, moving away from a profit-driven model toward 'energy sovereignty' and climate justice. It advocates for energy to be treated as a common good, the universal right to energy sufficiency, and a transition to 100% renewable energy that is decentralized, community-controlled, and equitable between the Global North and South.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the flow of public money in G20 countries that supports fossil fuel production and consumption. It argues that despite international commitments like the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals, G20 governments continue to provide substantial subsidies, credit support, and state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments to the fossil fuel sector. The document provides eight case studies of reforms in countries such as Indonesia, Canada, Argentina, and India, as well as the European Union, to illustrate how public resources can be shifted toward a low-carbon economy and sustainable development.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how G20 governments can reform public support for fossil fuels to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides eight case studies of reforms in consumption and production subsidies, public financing, and taxation, while offering a framework for transitioning public funds toward clean energy and social needs.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the use of 'security for costs' in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), where tribunals require investors to deposit funds to cover a state's potential legal costs. The document analyzes the high financial burden on taxpayers, the challenges states face in obtaining such orders due to high judicial thresholds, and the impact of third-party funding. It concludes by recommending stronger, more explicit treaty language to ensure states can recover costs and prevent 'arbitral hit and run' scenarios.