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This technical report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the intersection of rural credit and environmental protection in Brazil. It argues that while Brazil has successfully modernized its agriculture and reduced deforestation, the current financial system is overly complex, dominated by public banks, and lacks sufficient risk management tools. The authors propose a phased transition to align financial incentives with the 2012 Forest Code, increase private sector participation, and shift public subsidies toward the provision of public goods and insurance instruments.

This discussion paper evaluates four potential accounting approaches for the international linking of emissions trading systems (ETSs) under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement, aiming to guide negotiations and bilateral agreements.

This working paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes examples from G20 countries regarding the reallocation of public funds away from fossil fuels to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This report by the NewClimate Institute evaluates the progress of G20 countries in transitioning from fossil-fuel-based economies to low-carbon, climate-resilient ones, highlighting a significant gap between current national commitments and the goals of the Paris Agreement.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the flow of public money in G20 countries that supports fossil fuel production and consumption. It argues that despite international commitments like the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals, G20 governments continue to provide substantial subsidies, credit support, and state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments to the fossil fuel sector. The document provides eight case studies of reforms in countries such as Indonesia, Canada, Argentina, and India, as well as the European Union, to illustrate how public resources can be shifted toward a low-carbon economy and sustainable development.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how G20 governments can reform public support for fossil fuels to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides eight case studies of reforms in consumption and production subsidies, public financing, and taxation, while offering a framework for transitioning public funds toward clean energy and social needs.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) analyzes Estonia's progress in implementing the Paris Agreement, focusing specifically on climate change mitigation. It evaluates Estonia's alignment with the European Union's 2020 and 2030 climate and energy targets, examining greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, renewable energy shares, and energy efficiency. The report concludes that while Estonia is likely to meet its 2020 commitments, achieving the more ambitious 2030 targets will require additional measures across all sectors.

This policy paper, prepared for the IEEP Think2030 conference, examines the implementation of the European Union's bioeconomy strategy and its potential impacts on international supply chains and supplier countries.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that agroecology is a superior alternative to industrial agriculture and 'climate-smart agriculture' for addressing global hunger and climate change. It advocates for supporting small-scale producers and food sovereignty to build resilient, low-carbon food systems.

A statement by Friends of the Earth International calling for a radical systemic change in global energy, food, political, and economic systems to limit global warming to 1.5°C and achieve climate justice.

This report assesses the greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments of over 6,000 cities, states, and regions and more than 2,000 companies across 9 high-emitting countries and the European Union, concluding that while these non-state actor actions are significant, they are insufficient on their own to limit global temperature increases to 1.5°C or well-below 2°C.

The Carbon-Free Regions Handbook: Buildings provides a framework for regional governments to reduce emissions in the building sector, which contributes nearly one-third of global emissions. It recommends three primary actions: establishing net-zero codes for new buildings, mandating energy efficiency upgrades for existing buildings, and requiring utilities to implement energy-savings programs through energy efficiency resource standards (EERS).

The Carbon-Free Regions Handbook: Electricity provides a framework for transitioning regional electricity systems to renewable or zero-emission energy. It outlines five primary actions: implementing ambitious Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), phasing out coal-fired generation through retirement and moratoriums, modernizing rate designs to include dynamic pricing, integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into grid planning, and expanding community solar projects to increase accessibility.

This scoping study examines the growth of the digital economy and digital trade, analyzing how these shifts create both opportunities for economic leapfrogging and risks of a widening 'digital divide' for developing and emerging economies.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the Government of Canada's 'progressive and inclusive' trade and investment agenda. It argues that Canada's current model, based on investment protection and liberalization, fails to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and creates risks through investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms. The author urges the government to use upcoming consultations on the model foreign investment promotion and protection agreement (FIPA) to fundamentally rethink investment governance rather than making marginal procedural fixes.

This policy brief by the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) outlines a strategic framework for transitioning South Africa's mining sector toward a low-carbon economy. It addresses the economic risks associated with coal dependency, the need for investment in minerals essential for clean technologies, and proposals for a 'just transition' to protect mineworkers and local communities through reskilling and infrastructure redeployment.

This policy brief by the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ) argues that South Africa's development finance institutions (DFIs), specifically the IDC and DBSA, are constrained by their funding models and cannot sufficiently support labour-intensive manufacturing. The document proposes recapitalising these institutions with public funds, establishing an export-import (EXIM) bank, and adopting a funding model similar to Brazil's BNDES to drive job creation and industrial growth.

This fact sheet provides a global overview of high-speed rail (HSR) development, contrasting the extensive networks in Asia and Europe with the limited deployment in the United States. It details the history of HSR, the technical standards for speed, the economic and environmental benefits of rail over air and car travel, and the current status of projects in China, Japan, France, and the U.S.

This statement by Friends of the Earth International criticizes the European Union for obstructing the development of a legally binding UN treaty to regulate transnational corporations regarding human rights and environmental protections.

A statement by Friends of the Earth International criticizing the European Union for obstructing United Nations negotiations for a legally binding treaty to regulate transnational corporations and ensure corporate accountability for human rights and environmental abuses.