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The submission argues that mandatory hazard labelling is essential for public health, particularly for women, children, and racialized communities, and advocates for the phaseout of carcinogens, mutagens, and endocrine disruptors in consumer products.

Half of the world's economies are at least five years past a peak in fossil power generation, with 107 economies representing 38% of global electricity demand having seen emissions fall by nearly 20% over the last decade. While the EU, Oceania, and North America are in a period of decline, Asia and the Middle East are the only regions yet to reach a peak, though individual countries like Viet Nam and Japan show progress. The report emphasizes that the expansion of wind and solar is the primary driver of fossil fuel displacement, noting that without these technologies, power sector emissions would be 20% higher.

The report highlights that coal mines are the largest source of energy-sector methane emissions in the EU, primarily driven by Poland. While the original EU Commission proposal aimed for a 70% reduction in cumulative methane emissions from active thermal coal mines by 2040, current agreements have already lowered this to 34%. Ember warns that Poland's latest lobbying efforts could further reduce these cuts to just 12% by 2040, representing a sixfold weakening of the original ambition. The document emphasizes that methane abatement in Poland's coal sector is a 'low-hanging fruit' that could reduce the EU's fossil fuel methane emissions by 15% at a cost of less than one euro per kilogram of methane.

The Canadian Climate Institute argues that exemptions to carbon pricing, particularly for home heating in Atlantic Canada, would undermine emission reduction incentives and increase the long-term cost of meeting climate targets. It contends that the existing rebate system already supports low-income households and proposes that any additional affordability needs be met through temporary, targeted rebates rather than policy exemptions that create market uncertainty.

The author contends that carbon pricing exemptions, such as those proposed for rural home-heating fuel in Atlantic Canada, are counterproductive because they eliminate incentives for cleaner energy adoption and create policy uncertainty for investors. While acknowledging energy affordability concerns, the text asserts that the existing rebate system already benefits most low-income households. As an alternative to exemptions, the document suggests implementing temporary, targeted rebates for low-income households to address cost-of-living pressures without weakening the overall carbon pricing framework.

The analysis of Canada's Emissions Reduction Plan (ERP) indicates that while decarbonization is essential for long-term socio-economic benefits, many of its policies require additional social and economic safeguards to prevent inequality and actively reduce poverty.

Canada has introduced the first transparently published guidelines to prevent new inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, building on its 2022 commitment under the Glasgow Statement. While the framework adopts the World Trade Organization's definition of subsidies and establishes a definition of inefficiency, critics and the IISD highlight loopholes, such as exemptions for 'abated' fossil fuel production involving carbon capture and storage. A significant gap remains in domestic public financing for fossil fuels, which Environmental Defence estimated at CAD 19 billion from the Federal Government in 2022. The government has pledged a plan to end this domestic public financing by fall 2024.

The document argues that reporting on extreme weather is incomplete without explaining the climate connection. It provides specific phrasing for journalists to describe how warming temperatures 'supercharge' weather patterns and offers examples of this application across various phenomena, including heatwaves, droughts, flooding, sea level rise, winter weather, hurricanes, and wildfires. It also recommends specific attribution tools like the Climate Shift Index and World Weather Attribution to provide scientific grounding for these claims.

The report highlights a critical gap in US public health policy: the lack of comprehensive, science-based indoor air quality (IAQ) guidelines. While the US regulates outdoor air via the Clean Air Act, indoor environments—where people spend approximately 90% of their time—remain largely unregulated. The document details how pollutants like nitrogen dioxide from gas stoves and wildfire smoke exacerbate health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations. It reviews existing international models from the WHO and Health Canada, and limited US efforts in states like California and Texas. RMI recommends that the EPA use its authority under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) to develop federal guidelines, which could then inform building codes, product safety standards, and electrification efforts to reduce combustion pollution.

The document argues that climate change is a health emergency in Canada, citing record-breaking heat and wildfires in 2023. It calls on the Minister of Health to lead decarbonization of the healthcare system, address fossil fuel pollution as a root cause of health harms, and implement the National Adaptation Strategy to protect vulnerable populations.

The document reports that the average person in the U.S. breathed more harmful wildfire smoke in 2023 than in any year since 2006, driven largely by record-shattering wildfires in Canada. It details how fine particle pollution (PM2.5) from these fires travels thousands of miles, affecting every county in the contiguous U.S. and stalling air quality improvements in 30 states. The text links these trends to a warming climate and increasing 'fire weather,' noting that human-caused climate change accounts for at least two-thirds of the rapid increase in fire weather in the western U.S.

The California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) is a market-based regulation designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation by capping the carbon intensity of fuels. The program uses a credit and deficit system where fuels with lower carbon intensity than a gasoline/diesel benchmark generate credits, while higher-intensity fuels generate deficits. These credits can be generated through fuel supply, carbon capture and storage projects, or zero-emissions vehicle infrastructure capacity. While the program has spurred innovation in low-carbon fuels, critics like the NRDC argue that it over-incentivizes biomass-based fuels—which account for nearly three-quarters of credits—potentially diverting resources from the transition to electricity and zero-emissions vehicles.

The report examines how international taxonomies and the national policies of the US, China, and Germany handle fossil fuels to inform the development of a Canadian taxonomy. It finds that while most taxonomies exclude new oil and coal capacity, fossil gas is often treated as a transitional fuel with strict emission limits and phase-out dates (typically 2030–2035). The document highlights the critical role of fugitive methane emissions in determining the actual climate impact of natural gas, arguing that lifecycle assessments are necessary to avoid 'carbon lock-in'. It concludes that Canada's main trading partners are using economic incentives and regulations to reduce hydrocarbon consumption, suggesting that a science-based taxonomy is essential for attracting private capital for decarbonization.

The 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment finds the world is off track to eliminate deforestation and forest degradation by 2030. In 2022, global gross deforestation reached 6.6 million hectares, a 4% increase from 2021. While some countries like Indonesia and Malaysia show progress, massive losses continue in tropical Latin America and the Caribbean. The report highlights a critical funding gap, noting that 'gray' public finance (subsidies driving deforestation) vastly outweighs 'green' finance. It also emphasizes the ongoing violence against environmental defenders and the systemic lack of legal recognition for Indigenous Peoples' and local communities' land rights.

Global Energy Monitor identifies nearly 2.7 million coal miners worldwide, with the majority in Asia. The report warns that 414,200 jobs could be lost by 2035 and 990,200 by 2050 due to the industry's own 'life of mine' closure schedules, regardless of climate policies. It highlights that current climate pledges cover only 6% of the thermal coal workforce, leaving millions vulnerable. The report emphasizes the need for just transition mechanisms, such as the Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs), and suggests bridging employment through mine reclamation and renewable energy repurposing.

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) outlines a values-based approach to scientist-community partnerships, emphasizing mutual respect, transparency, and the integration of community and Indigenous knowledge. The guide provides a step-by-step process for initiating collaborations, overcoming professional and social barriers, and ensuring equitable outcomes through tools like Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) and restorative justice practices.

The statement asserts that Canada's history of colonialism, including the residential school system and the Indian Act, has systematically removed Indigenous Peoples from their lands and suppressed traditional stewardship. It argues that current climate policy often uses an "add-and-stir" approach to Indigenization, whereas true reconciliation requires Indigenous Peoples to act as leaders and rights holders with full control over their knowledge systems. The text highlights the value of Indigenous-led initiatives, such as prescribed fire burning and guardian watchmen networks, as essential solutions for addressing the climate crisis and protecting ecosystems.

Canada's 2022 emissions rose by 2.1% from 2021 to 685 Mt CO2e, though they remain 6.4% below 2005 levels. The increase was primarily driven by oil and gas production and the building sector, which together accounted for 72% of the rise. While the electricity sector has seen a 55.6% reduction since 2005, overall progress is hindered by a growing, energy-intensive economy that offset the 22.9 Mt CO2e reduction achieved through climate policy and market drivers.

The report outlines a strategy for India to secure a responsible lithium supply chain to avoid energy and economic security risks. It highlights lithium's status as a critical mineral globally and in India, noting that while other major economies have secured resources through overseas investments and refining capabilities, Indian companies have had a negligible role. The document warns that failure to act could hinder India's ability to build a Li-ion battery manufacturing base and stymie the growth of electric vehicles and stationary storage.

A coalition of 114 organizations urges the Biden Administration to make an ambitious financial pledge to the Green Climate Fund's second replenishment.