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The PrAda 2+ project is a six-year initiative designed to adapt agricultural value chains in Madagascar to climate change, specifically targeting the coffee, clove, peanut, pepper, and vanilla sectors. With a total budget of 61,338,446.72 Euros (including 43,623,766.13 Euros from the Green Climate Fund), the project aims to benefit 314,800 direct and 2,650,000 indirect beneficiaries across the regions of Androy, Anosy, Atsimo-Atsinanana, Vatovavy, Fitovinany, and Atsinanana. The project focuses on three main components: implementing climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) technologies, expanding financial services for CRA investments through the Agricultural Development Fund (FDA), and improving the entrepreneurial and institutional environment for agricultural services. Key interventions include the dissemination of tailored agrometeorological information, the promotion of climate-resilient crop varieties, and the establishment of Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs).

The Gender Action Plan for the PrAda 2+ project in Madagascar identifies systemic gender inequalities in the agricultural sector and outlines specific interventions to empower women and female-headed households. The plan addresses barriers such as 'time poverty', limited access to capital, and entrenched social norms through targeted training, gender-responsive financial products, and the promotion of women in leadership roles within agricultural value chains. It includes a detailed matrix of 33 actions with specific targets, such as achieving 30% female participation in climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) training and establishing 20 women-only Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs).

The PrAda II+ project is a proposed five-year initiative in Madagascar designed to transition the agricultural sector toward climate resilience. Focusing on five key value chains—coffee, clove, peanut, pepper, and vanilla—the project targets six regions (Androy, Anosy, Atsimo-Atsinanana, Vatovavy, Fitovinany, and Atsinanana) where poverty is high and climate hazards like droughts and cyclones are frequent. The project employs a three-pronged approach: introducing climate-resilient agricultural (CRA) technologies, expanding financial services (including a public subsidy mechanism via the Agricultural Development Fund), and improving entrepreneurial and institutional environments. It aims to directly benefit 374,800 people and indirectly benefit over 2.5 million others, with a total indicative cost of EUR 54.7 million.

The project aims to mitigate the impacts of increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall in Southern Madagascar, which have led to frequent droughts and food insecurity. It proposes a paradigm shift from focusing solely on water supply infrastructure to adapting the underlying water resources system. Key strategies include managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to store wet season surpluses, expanding hydro-meteorological monitoring networks, and developing community-based drought adaptation plans. The project targets 24 communes with approximately 553,240 direct beneficiaries, utilizing a combination of GCF grants and co-financing from the World Bank and UNICEF.

The DEFIS programme is a 10-year initiative (2018–2028) in Southern Madagascar designed to transform the agricultural sector from subsistence to market-oriented production. With a total indicative cost of USD 250 million, the programme targets 1.6 million beneficiaries across eight regions. It focuses on three main components: enhancing the productivity and resilience of agricultural and livestock systems through water mobilization and climate-smart inputs; developing inclusive supply chains by strengthening producer organizations and improving post-harvest infrastructure; and providing institutional support, including the extension of a drought early warning system. The programme specifically targets women and youth, aiming for 30% representation in its 320,000 beneficiary family agricultural enterprises.

The study investigates a severe drought in southern Madagascar (the Grand Sud region) between July 2019 and June 2021, which contributed to a major food security crisis. Analysis of observational data and climate models indicates that the event was a 1-in-135 year dry event, but its likelihood was not significantly increased by anthropogenic climate change. The findings suggest that natural variability remains the dominant driver of such droughts in this region, aligning with IPCC projections that perceptible changes in drought may only emerge if global mean temperatures exceed 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The report also highlights that the humanitarian impact was severely compounded by extreme poverty, poor infrastructure, and the COVID-19 pandemic.