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South Africa is identified as the second-worst performer among G20 non-OECD member countries due to a lack of transparency and continued support for fossil fuels. Total government support averaged USD 10.9 billion between 2017 and 2019, with the largest portion directed toward fossil fuel-based power. Support increased by 14% relative to the 2014–2016 average, driven largely by price support. The document highlights significant unquantified support, including billions in bailouts and loan guarantees for the state-owned utility Eskom, as well as carbon tax exemptions for major emitters like Sasol.

Turkey ranks last among G20 OECD member countries in fossil fuel funding, providing an average of USD 6.8 billion in total government support between 2017 and 2019. While state-owned enterprise investment in oil and gas production decreased by 33% compared to the 2014–2016 average, support for fossil fuel consumption increased by 11% through tax expenditures. The document highlights significant transparency gaps, noting that Turkey has not performed the G20 fossil fuel subsidy peer review and lacks data on public financing from government-owned banks.

China provides the largest amount of fossil fuel support among G20 countries, averaging USD 134.2 billion annually from 2017 to 2019. While ranked highly for transparency and commitments, China has seen a 35% increase in overall fossil fuel support relative to 2014–2016 averages, driven largely by state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments in oil and gas production.

The G20 Scorecard evaluates OECD and non-OECD members across seven criteria related to fossil fuel funding, including transparency, pledges, and the scale of support for coal, oil, gas, and power generation. It ranks countries such as Germany, France, and Brazil at the top of their respective groups, while others like the United States and Saudi Arabia receive lower scores in multiple categories.

The United Kingdom ranks last among G20 OECD member countries in the G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding, with an overall score of 48/100. While overall support decreased by 21% compared to 20142016, the U.K. saw a 96% increase in public finance for fossil fuels and an 86% increase in support for coal production. The U.K. provides USD 9.2 billion annually in support for fossil fuel consumers through foregone tax revenue and has faced criticism for a lack of transparency regarding its export credit agency, UKEF, and its denial of providing fossil fuel subsidies under its own definitions.

The 2019 Chile/Madrid Climate Change Conference, the longest in UNFCCC history, failed to reach a consensus on the operationalization of Article 6 regarding market and non-market mechanisms. While the conference achieved progress on the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage and the Lima Work Programme on Gender, it was marked by significant disconnects between scientific demands for ambition and the limitations of multilateral negotiations. Key unresolved issues, including long-term climate finance and common time frames for NDCs, were deferred to future sessions under Rule 16.

The report details a COP25 workshop focused on domestic climate finance mapping. It outlines various tracking tools—such as Climate Budget Tagging and Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Reviews—and discusses how these initiatives help countries identify funding gaps, build investor trust, and mainstream climate goals into national budgets. The document also identifies systemic challenges, including data gaps and the need for inter-ministerial coordination, while proposing the creation of a community of practice to share best practices.

Natural Justice submits a memorandum on the Public Participation Bill, 2019, arguing that the Bill's current framework is too narrow. The organization proposes amendments to guarantee that information provided to the public is not only timely but also "accurate, complete, relevant", and accessible. Key recommendations include the explicit inclusion of "minorities and marginalised groups" to comply with Article 56 of the Constitution of Kenya, the establishment of mandatory reasonable timelines for public involvement and decision communication, and the requirement that civic education must precede public participation to empower citizens.

The International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation (ICSA) has called for greater transparency in the ICAO Technical Advisory Body's (TAB) process for determining eligible offset programmes under CORSIA. ICSA argues that the current lack of transparency contradicts TAB's own Terms of Reference and undermines the credibility of the market-based measure. Specifically, ICSA demands the publication of public consultation inputs from summer 2019, the restoration of direct access to the Programme Testing Group's procedures and guidelines, and the public release of TAB's recommendations before the ICAO Council makes its final decision.

The document assesses the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) against two other multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs), the Open Government Partnership (OGP) and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). It identifies weaknesses in the APRM's digital transparency, member accountability, and civil society integration, while suggesting the APRM can offer lessons in strategic partnership building.

Aid Atlas is an interactive online platform developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute to visualize international development finance flows. It aims to make complex aid data more accessible to government officials in recipient countries, researchers, and international organizations through alluvial diagrams and tailored profile pages. By increasing transparency and highlighting financing gaps, the tool seeks to improve the overall effectiveness of the approximately US$ 146 billion annual global development finance budget.

The document outlines the legal framework for accessing environmental information in the EU, including the Aarhus Convention and specific EU regulations. It details the process for submitting requests, the grounds upon which authorities may legally withhold information, and the various avenues for challenging refusals, such as confirmatory applications, complaints to the EU Ombudsman, and judicial appeals to the EU General Court. Additionally, it provides guidance on filing formal complaints with the European Commission regarding Member State failures to implement EU environmental law and discusses the limitations of direct access to EU courts for NGOs.

The Paris Agreement Rulebook, agreed upon in December 2018 in Katowice, Poland, provides the practical rules and guidelines for implementing the 2015 Paris Agreement. It establishes frameworks for developing and communicating Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), reporting on climate adaptation and loss and damage, and managing climate finance from developed to developing nations. To ensure accountability, the Rulebook introduces an enhanced transparency framework, a global stocktake process starting in 2023, and an expert compliance committee. As of June 2019, outstanding issues include rules for international market mechanisms to prevent double-counting of emissions reductions and the standardization of time periods for NDCs.

The report examines the operations of mineral and metal commodity trading companies, highlighting their role as intermediaries and financiers for mining companies, particularly small-scale producers in emerging economies. It identifies that while most traders operate independently—reducing the risk of transfer pricing—their lack of transparency and use of complex corporate structures can facilitate tax evasion and corruption. The document specifically analyzes risks associated with 'metal streaming' and prepayments, which can shift wealth from host countries to investors. It recommends that host governments implement mandatory contract registration, use internationally recognized pricing for tax calculations, and strengthen financial disclosure requirements for private trading firms.

The report examines the operational and financial models of mineral and metal trading companies, highlighting their role as intermediaries and financiers for small and medium-sized mining firms. It concludes that while these companies generally operate on an arm's length basis, their inherent opacity and the use of complex financial arrangements, such as streaming agreements, create potential fiscal risks for host governments. The document recommends enhancing transparency through the EITI, implementing mandatory contract registration, and using globally recognized pricing for tax calculations.

The Corporate Reporting Dialogue participants aim to harmonize financial and non-financial reporting to improve transparency and accountability, specifically seeking to better illustrate the connection between corporate value creation and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

ClientEarth calls on the European Commission to remedy backlogs in chemical authorisations and restrictions under REACH, arguing that delays prolong exposure to dangerous chemicals and undermine the development of safer alternatives. The document criticises the Commission for allegedly prioritising companies that missed application deadlines over health and environmental protections and demands greater transparency regarding the decision-making process and the reasons for delays.

The document describes the Paris Agreement rulebook as the essential set of rules and guidelines required to implement the 2015 Paris Agreement. It highlights that while the Agreement established global temperature goals and the mechanism of nationally determined contributions (NDCs), it left the operational details—such as reporting standards, transparency of climate finance, and the balance between mitigation and adaptation—to be decided. The author notes that negotiations at COP 24 are complicated by the need to balance the responsibilities of developed and developing countries and the interlinked nature of transparency, the global stocktake, and compliance.

The report details the efforts and challenges of integrating human rights into the COP-24 outcomes, noting that while procedural participation in NDC planning was strengthened, substantive human rights references were often diluted or removed from final texts. It also documents the restriction of civil liberties by the Polish government during the conference and highlights specific policy areas, such as the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform and the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss & Damage, where human rights frameworks were maintained or advanced.

The document argues that public participation is essential for the effective implementation of climate action, citing IPCC findings that stakeholder engagement increases the likelihood of success. It outlines specific entry points for enhancing procedural rights within the Paris Agreement's framework, including Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Adaptation Communications, the Transparency Framework, the Global Stocktake, and Article 6 mechanisms. It also emphasizes the need for an independent grievance redress mechanism for the Sustainable Development Mechanism and the operationalization of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform to ensure indigenous voices are reflected in the UNFCCC process.