G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding

This fact sheet from the International Institute for Sustainable Development evaluates Turkey's fossil fuel funding, ranking it last among G20 OECD member countries with an overall score of 48/100. The document highlights high levels of support for coal production and fossil fuel consumption, while noting a decrease in state-owned enterprise investments.

• Turkey is ranked last among G20 OECD member countries, tied with Mexico and the United Kingdom. The country is characterized by a lack of transparency and high levels of support for coal production and fossil fuel consumers, primarily through state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments and foregone tax revenue.
• Between 2017 and 2019, Turkey's average total government support for fossil fuels was USD 6.8 billion. This total includes USD 4.5 billion in tax expenditure, USD 1.6 billion in SOE investment, and USD 644 million in direct transfers.
• Turkey provides USD 290 million annually for coal exploration, production, processing, and transportation, which is the lowest rank among G20 OECD member countries per unit of GDP. Additionally, it provides USD 4.6 billion annually (2017–2019 average) to support fossil fuel use via tax expenditures.
• While overall fossil fuel support dropped by 5% relative to the 2014–2016 average—driven by a 33% decrease in SOE investment in oil and gas production—support for fossil fuel consumption increased by 11% due to higher tax expenditures.
• Due to poor transparency and the failure to perform the G20 fossil fuel subsidy peer review, some funding remains unquantified. This includes public financing from export credit agencies and government-owned banks (the Development Bank of Turkey and Turk Eximbank), which are estimated by external sources to have provided at least USD 400 million per year between 2013 and 2018.
• In response to COVID-19, Turkey's public banks provided nearly USD 3 billion in low-interest retail housing loans without energy-efficiency conditions. The government also supported the oil sector by postponing license liabilities by 6 months and extending deadlines for state share payments.

APA

Picciariello, A. (2020). G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2020-11/g20-scorecard-turkey.pdf

Chicago

Picciariello, Angela. G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2020. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2020-11/g20-scorecard-turkey.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Picciariello |first1=Angela |title=G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2020 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2020-11/g20-scorecard-turkey.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{picciariello2020g20, author = {Picciariello, Angela}, title = {{G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2020}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2020-11/g20-scorecard-turkey.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }