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The We Mean Business Coalition urges the EU to distinguish between simplifying regulatory implementation and rolling back core green legislation, arguing that deregulation would penalise sustainable companies and harm long-term economic stability.

The report identifies a substantial investment gap of approximately USD 146.4 billion to meet Indonesia's 2030 Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (ENDC) targets. While the government budget provides about one-third of the necessary funding, private financial institutions' contributions remain low, representing only 3% of their total investments. Key barriers include contradictory policies, such as fossil fuel subsidies outweighing climate spending, and a financing mismatch where commercial banks rely on short-term deposits for long-term, capital-intensive climate projects. The report recommends harmonizing sustainable finance policies through the Indonesia Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance (TKBI), enabling alternative instruments like sustainability-linked loans and carbon finance, and enhancing transparency via IFRS S1 and S2 disclosure standards.

The French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) is adopting ESMA guidelines on ESG fund naming starting May 21, 2025, but Reclaim Finance argues these rules create uneven requirements that risk 'transition-washing'. The document notes a 24% decrease in 'Article 9' funds under SFDR due to reclassification to 'Article 8' to avoid sanctions. To combat greenwashing, the author proposes that the 2025 SFDR revision should mandate the exclusion of companies developing new fossil fuel projects for all funds claiming environmental or social objectives.

Reclaim Finance critiques the new ESMA guidelines adopted by the AMF for ESG fund naming, arguing they create unequal requirements that risk 'transitionwashing'. The organization urges that the 2025 revision of the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) must mandate the exclusion of companies involved in fossil fuel expansion to ensure genuine sustainability and protect investors from misleading claims.

The report finds that while many global banks have committed to net-zero by 2050, their disclosures lack standardisation and transparency. Key issues include inconsistent sectoral coverage, the omission of facilitated emissions, and a failure to align sectoral targets with 1.5°C benchmarks. The report highlights that a significant portion of bank balance sheets remains uncovered by net-zero targets and that current levels of sustainable finance are insufficient to meet the 10-to-1 clean energy to fossil fuel investment ratio recommended by the IEA.

The report finds that sustainable agriculture finance in India averaged INR 22,393 billion annually between FY 2020-21 and FY 2021-22, with a heavy reliance on domestic private finance (67%) and commercial financial institutions. While public funding remains significant, international flows are negligible at 0.5%. The study highlights a concentration of funds in farming practices and storage/markets, while critical areas like research, natural capital, and alternative supply chains are severely underfunded. It recommends the creation of a sustainable agriculture taxonomy, improved granular data reporting, the diversification of financial instruments beyond debt, and expanded capacity building to foster a more resilient agricultural ecosystem.

Reclaim Finance examines the 2020 consultation responses from Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas, BPCE, Société Générale, and the Fédération bancaire française (FBF) regarding the transition from the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). The analysis finds that these banks unanimously supported the need for a new, standardized, and mandatory reporting framework to improve data comparability and reliability. Specifically, they advocated for sector-specific standards, the integration of TCFD principles, the mandatory disclosure of double materiality assessments, and the extraterritorial application of the rules to non-EU companies operating in Europe. The report highlights a contradiction between these early endorsements and current statements from some bank leadership describing the CSRD as a 'bureaucratic delusion'.

The livestock sector in Paraguay accounted for 50.3% of national emissions in 2021, with 76.2% of those emissions coming from enteric fermentation. The document argues that integrating livestock development with methane mitigation can help Paraguay meet its goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2030. Proposed strategies include improving productivity through genetic improvement and pasture management, enhancing knowledge management via demonstration units, and implementing incentive models such as green financial products and carbon markets. The workshop concluded with a call to form a multi-sectoral working group to develop a sector-wide strategy for reducing emissions intensity and enhancing efficiency.

The report identifies four primary barriers to nature-integrated finance: the underestimation of nature's intrinsic value, regulatory gaps, challenges in scaling nature-based financing, and a knowledge gap within financial institutions. It argues that the financial sector is critical for redirecting global capital toward biodiversity protection, noting a biodiversity financing gap of $700 billion annually. To address these, the document details the 'Locate' phase of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) LEAP approach, guiding institutions through scoping, identifying dependencies and impacts using tools like ENCORE, and mapping intersections with ecologically sensitive locations. It provides practical examples from entities such as Banco de Bogotá, Banco Bolivariano, and Grupo Sura to demonstrate how spatial analysis and heat maps can identify material nature-related risks in investment portfolios.

The document provides a methodology for Colombian financial institutions to align their Environmental and Social Risk Management Systems (SARAS) with Circular Externa 015 of 2025. It proposes using the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) framework, the LEAP approach (Locate, Evaluate, Assess, Prepare), and the ENCORE tool to identify, measure, control, and monitor nature-related risks and opportunities across their portfolios.

The document details the SFC's Circular Externa 015 of 2025, requiring financial entities in Colombia to identify, measure, control, and monitor environmental and social risks, including climate risks. It outlines the implementation timeline, the scope of applicable entities, and the conceptual framework for managing these risks within a financial institution's risk appetite and strategic planning.

The document outlines how commercial banks, institutional investors, and insurers can use the NPOP framework to shift financial flows toward nature-positive outcomes in the blue economy. It details four primary entry points for financial institutions: exclusions policies, sector policies and due diligence, corporate engagement, and sustainable finance products. The briefing provides real-world case studies from institutions such as ING, BNP Paribas, and Standard Chartered to illustrate the application of the AR3T mitigation hierarchy—Avoid, Reduce, Restore & Regenerate, and Transform—across sectors including shipping, seafood, offshore wind, and coastal tourism.

The report outlines ten best practices for linear infrastructure (LI) development to mitigate impacts on nature. Key recommendations include conducting strategic environmental assessments (SEAs), incorporating mandatory safeguards in financial policies, and adhering to the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, minimize, restore, compensate). It emphasizes early integration of environmental and social impact assessments (ESIAs) and the use of climate vulnerability assessments. The document also advocates for wildlife-friendly designs, including ecological corridors, and the adoption of sustainable infrastructure certifications to ensure long-term ecological integrity.

The report identifies potential marine OECM mechanisms in South Africa, such as permanent fisheries exclusion zones and military zones, which could add 1.27% to the mainland exclusive economic zone's conservation coverage. It outlines a six-workstream roadmap for legal, social, financial, and procedural implementation, while specifically exploring the potential for novel small-scale fishing zones to balance biodiversity conservation with community livelihoods.

The report tracks green finance flows in India, noting that while tracked finance reached a record high in 2021/22, further scaling is required to meet climate targets. Mitigation finance remains primarily domestic, though international contributions rose to 17% in 2021/22. The document recommends coordinated action to scale finance, enhancing adaptation funding, developing a green finance taxonomy, and improving data reporting systems.

The document advocates for the full implementation of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), arguing that they are essential for the European Green Deal and sustainable finance. It warns that arbitrary reductions in reporting obligations would create legal uncertainty and undermine the ability of investors to allocate capital to the green transition. The authors emphasize that the standards already include significant flexibility through materiality assessments and phase-in periods, and they propose improving usability through practical guidance, capacity building for Member States, and the development of sector-specific standards.

India's tracked green finance for mitigation reached INR 3,712 billion (USD 50 billion) per annum in FY 2021/22, a 20% increase from 2019/20. However, this represents only approximately 30% of the annual finance needed to meet the country's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). Mitigation finance is primarily domestic (83%), with clean energy receiving the largest share (47%). Adaptation finance saw a nearly threefold increase to INR 1,092 billion (USD 15 billion) per year, dominated by government budgetary expenditure (98%) and focused on disaster risk management. The report highlights significant investment gaps, particularly in electric vehicles and on-farm agricultural adaptation, and recommends the development of a green finance taxonomy and enhanced private sector mobilization.

The report details a comprehensive methodology for mapping green finance in India, defining the scope of 'green finance' to include climate finance and environmental objectives like biodiversity and resource conservation. It establishes a framework for categorizing financial flows by source (domestic/international, public/private), instrument (grants, debt, equity), and sector (clean energy, energy efficiency, clean transportation, and climate adaptation). The methodology employs a variety of data sources, including government budgets, OECD CRS, and project-level databases, while applying specific assumptions such as a 70:30 debt-to-equity gearing ratio and the use of Rio Markers for international public finance. A significant portion of the document is dedicated to the granular classification of on-farm agricultural adaptation activities, categorizing government schemes into 'absolute', 'lower bound', and 'upper bound' based on their adaptation relevance.

The report highlights a significant gap between the public sustainability commitments of major seafood companies and their actual implementation of robust traceability. While some companies like Thai Union and CP Foods have group-level commitments, most lack time-bound targets, detailed implementation plans, or annual progress reporting. The document argues that full-chain, digital, and interoperable traceability—specifically aligned with Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability (GDST) standards—is essential for managing material risks such as IUU fishing, forced labour, and overfishing, and for complying with emerging regulations in the EU, US, and Japan.

South Africa's upcoming G20 presidency is positioned as a critical lever for reforming the global financial architecture to better support African nations facing a severe debt crisis and escalating climate risks. The paper highlights that Africa's debt has surged by 183% since 2010, with 57% of the population living in countries that spend more on interest payments than on healthcare, education, and infrastructure. It critiques existing G20 mechanisms like the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) and the Common Framework for Debt Treatments for their slow implementation and failure to secure private creditor participation. The author advocates for a holistic approach that links debt sustainability with climate resilience, noting that climate financing needs are projected to exceed USD 10 trillion annually from 2031 to 2050. South Africa's presidency, themed 'solidarity, equality and sustainable development', aims to amplify the voice of the Global South and the African Union within the G20 to secure equitable debt relief and increased concessional finance for climate adaptation.