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From Coal to Carbon Neutral: Catawba College Paves the Way
Catawba College, a private liberal arts institution in Salisbury, NC, has become one of only 13 colleges in the US to be certified carbon neutral. The college is currently executing a District Energy and Modernization (DEM) project that integrates a closed-loop geoexchange system to provide heating and cooling for 26 campus buildings, aiming to reduce carbon emissions by 51 metric tons annually. This effort is complemented by a history of solar investments—including an 837 kW installation in 2015 and a 55 kW addition in 2024—and the transformation of a former coal-fired power plant (the Smokestack) into a net-zero student hub. New construction, such as a 130-bed residence hall designed to Passive House US standards, is expected to reduce energy use by 55% compared to typical regional construction. A net present value analysis suggests the DEM project will save the college approximately $10 million between 2025 and 2054 compared to business-as-usual practices.
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Document type: Case study
Resilient, Carbon-Free Buildings Are Within Reach
The briefing advocates for a coordinated approach to building decarbonization and resilience in the US, emphasizing that these goals are complementary. It specifically prioritizes 'passive measures'—such as weatherization and envelope retrofits—to manage peak electricity demand, improve energy affordability, and extend the 'hours of safety' for occupants during power outages, particularly for vulnerable populations.
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Document type: Briefing
Prosperity for the Many
The report examines the impact of housing commodification in European cities, contrasting the neoliberal policies of the UK and Germany with the social housing models of Vienna, France, and Barcelona. It highlights how public investment and political commitment to housing as a human right, rather than a market asset, lead to lower rent burdens and better urban quality of life.
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Document type: Report
Hours of Safety in Cold Weather
The document proposes the 'hours of safety' metric to measure building resilience during power outages in extreme cold weather, comparing various housing standards from 1950s builds to Passive House standards.
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Document type: Briefing
HOURS OF SAFETY IN COLD WEATHER: A FRAMEWORK FOR CONSIDERING RESILIENCE IN BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The briefing introduces 'hours of safety' to measure building resilience during extreme cold events. Simulations in Duluth, Minnesota, show that high-performance envelopes, such as Passive House standards, maintain safe temperatures significantly longer than older or code-compliant homes, highlighting the potential for this metric to guide resilience planning and weatherization efforts.
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Document type: Briefing
REINVENTING FIRE: CHINA
The report outlines a 'Reinventing Fire' scenario for China to decouple economic growth from energy consumption and carbon emissions by 2050. By prioritizing demand reduction, electrification, and a shift to non-fossil energy, China could maintain GDP growth while reducing primary energy demand to 2010 levels. Key strategies include structural industrial shifts, passive building design, multimodal transportation optimization, and a three-stage transition of the power sector from coal to renewables. The analysis suggests this transition is cost-effective, with a potential net present value savings of 21 trillion RMB.
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Document type: Report
Weinberg Commons: Building Energy Savings into Affordable Housing
The Weinberg Commons project is the first Passive House multi-family retrofit in the United States, utilizing design elements to reduce heating and cooling energy use by up to 90%. The project demonstrates that high energy performance is critical for the economic stability of low-income families, as utility costs for the lowest income renters rose from 12.7% to 17.4% of total housing costs between 2000 and 2010. While the project cost approximately 8% more to construct than traditional methods, it provides 36 two-bedroom units with rents that include all utilities, supported by tax credits, capital grants, and rental vouchers.
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Document type: Case study
Beyond Sustainability: The Power of Indigenous Healthy Energy Homes
The report examines how substandard housing in Indigenous communities in Canada contributes to poor health outcomes and energy poverty. It proposes 'Healthy Energy Homes' as a holistic solution to reduce healthcare costs, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improve affordability. The authors argue that overcoming current governance and funding barriers requires a national, Indigenous-led approach to housing.
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Document type: Report
Plus qu’une question de durabilité : la force des logements autochtones
The report examines how inadequate, overcrowded, and energy-inefficient housing contributes to poor clinical outcomes for Indigenous communities in Canada. It proposes a holistic 'healthy energy housing' approach that integrates energy efficiency and clean energy to improve physical and mental health, reduce the financial burden of energy poverty, and lower carbon emissions. The document highlights systemic governance failures and funding gaps, while showcasing community-led innovations as a path toward self-determination and reconciliation.
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Document type: Report
REALIZE Zero Carbon Deep Energy Retrofit Case Study
The Hano Homes project in Boston aims to transform a multifamily residential building constructed in 1888 into a net-zero energy property through a deep energy retrofit planned for 2023–2024. The strategy involves wrapping the building in a superinsulated exterior shell, replacing gas boilers and water heaters with all-electric heat pump systems, and installing a 100–110 kW rooftop solar PV system. These measures are expected to reduce energy usage by 69% and eliminate operational greenhouse gas emissions, while the use of bio-based insulation is intended to store carbon and reduce embodied emissions.
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Document type: Case study
Amory and Judy Lovins’ Response to Jeffrey Ball’s article in The Wall Street Journal, “The Homely Costs of Energy Conservation”
The document is a response by Amory and Judy Lovins to a Wall Street Journal article regarding their home's energy efficiency. The authors argue that their original 1982–84 house achieved 90% electricity savings and 99% heating energy savings with a minimal cost premium of $6,000, which was recovered in ten months. They distinguish this from a later 2007–09 renovation that was more costly because it focused on 'bleeding-edge' technology and aesthetics rather than basic efficiency. The authors promote 'integrative design'—where high insulation levels eliminate the need for expensive heating systems—as a method to reduce energy use by over 80% at comparable or lower capital costs. They cite examples such as 'passive houses' in Europe and specific projects in Bangkok and California to demonstrate that these economics apply across different climates and scales.
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Document type: Statement