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The document examines the role of OECMs in promoting inclusive conservation across Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. It highlights that while the region has significant potential due to existing Indigenous and community-led territories, the effectiveness of OECMs is hindered by land tenure insecurity, legal contradictions, and gaps in governance and financing. The report argues that OECMs should not be a mere tool for meeting 2030 targets but part of a long-term journey toward the CBD's 2050 vision, requiring systemic transformations in land rights and economic systems to support local autonomy.

The document advocates for the integration of substantive and procedural human rights into the Global Plastics Treaty, noting that plastic pollution infringes upon rights to health, life, and a clean environment. It critiques the current Compilation Draft for treating public participation as voluntary and omitting the right to effective remedy, while recommending that the final treaty explicitly operationalize the right to a healthy environment and protect marginalized groups.

The project introduces the Local Knowledge Scenarios (LKS) method to integrate local perceptions of global change into land-use planning. Testing across diverse ecosystems in Brazil, Canada, Peru, and Uruguay reveals that while local awareness of environmental degradation is high, national policies often fail to align with local realities or acceptance, hindering effective environmental governance.

The project introduces the Local Knowledge Scenarios (LKS) method, which integrates fieldwork and Agent-Based Models to document local perceptions of environmental change and their impact on decision-making. Testing across five diverse ecological zones in the Americas revealed that while local awareness of issues like deforestation and hydrological change is increasing, the effectiveness of environmental governance is often hindered by a lack of local acceptance of laws or the absence of flexible national policies for adaptation.

The report evaluates Malawi's governance landscape across multiple sectors, highlighting systemic failures in human rights, education, health, and anti-corruption efforts. It details the country's vulnerability to climate change and the persistence of extreme poverty, while providing specific policy recommendations to align national practices with the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) standards and international human rights treaties.

The document argues that the EU's ecological footprint is unsustainable, noting that the region uses between 70% and 97% of the world's 'safe operating space' despite having less than 6% of the global population. The authors call for the acceleration of the European Green Deal, increased public investment in climate and social goals, and strengthened civil society participation to avoid ecological collapse and economic instability.

The document operationalizes WWF's integrity principles for benefit-sharing mechanisms (BSM) in nature-based solutions (NbS). It organizes the implementation process into four pillars of good governance: full and effective participation, transparency and accountability, equity, and effectiveness. The guide provides a diagnostic framework for assessing jurisdictional contexts—including governance, economy, and land tenure—and offers specific strategies to mitigate risks such as elite capture, corruption, and negative social impacts. It emphasizes the need for inclusive decision-making processes, accessible grievance redress mechanisms, and the balancing of monetary and non-monetary benefits to ensure a net positive socio-economic outcome for all stakeholders.

The document outlines a four-pillar framework for the 'good governance' of benefit-sharing mechanisms (BSM) in nature-based solutions (NbS). It focuses on ensuring that monetary and non-monetary incentives generated by environmental outcomes are distributed equitably. The guide provides specific operational questions and challenges regarding stakeholder engagement, transparency, social justice, and the effectiveness of resource flows, with a strong emphasis on preventing 'elite capture' and protecting vulnerable groups.

The report identifies critical gaps in the governance of legal deforestation in the MATOPIBA region (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia), where agricultural expansion for soy and corn drives significant vegetation loss. It highlights a lack of clarity in legal competence between state and municipal authorities for issuing Authorizations for the Suppression of Vegetation (ASV) and the failure of the national SINAFLOR system to serve as an effective management tool. Key issues include underreporting of ASVs, a lack of public transparency regarding georeferenced data, and technical incompatibilities between state and federal systems. The authors recommend that the federal government clarify issuing competencies, improve SINAFLOR's functionality, and ensure open access to complete ASV data to support the goal of zero deforestation by 2030.

The report analyzes the challenges of scaling up forest and native vegetation restoration in Brazil, arguing that current public policies are designed for individual rural properties rather than landscape-scale initiatives. It identifies three essential factors for success: the adoption of multiple complementary restoration typologies, the integration of both public and private lands, and the synergy between mandatory legal restoration and voluntary initiatives. The authors highlight the potential of carbon markets and payment for environmental services to drive these efforts, while noting that regulatory contradictions—particularly regarding environmental licensing for native silviculture—remain significant hurdles.

The document outlines discussions from a foresight workshop involving 42 academics and practitioners from 15 countries in Asia and the Pacific. It identifies key drivers of change—specifically artificial intelligence, cultural values, and economic power relations—and their potential impacts on the environment and society. The briefing recommends transforming economic systems away from GDP-centric models, enhancing governance through AI ethics and transboundary cooperation, and centering rights and justice to protect marginalized groups and the environment.

The document distinguishes between actions a COP can take via decisions—such as guidance, implementation, and budgets—and actions requiring distinct processes like amendments or new protocols, which often take years or decades to ratify. It warns that relying on a general framework to be filled in later with detailed obligations is rarely effective for global agreements. To ensure the efficacy of a future plastics treaty, the author recommends establishing clear voting provisions to avoid the paralysis of default consensus and securing critical obligations in the initial foundation rather than delaying them.

The document compares substantive, hybrid, and framework conventions, arguing that a substantive treaty with clear national obligations is necessary for the future plastics treaty to avoid delays in urgent action.

ClientEarth calls for a systemic legal and economic transformation of the EU to address climate, biodiversity, and pollution crises. Key proposals include appointing a Vice-President of the European Commission for People and the Environment, ending all public subsidies for fossil fuels, and adopting a legally binding framework for sustainable food systems. The document emphasizes the need for increased transparency in legislative processes, better access to justice for civil society in 21 of 27 member states, and the recognition of the right to a healthy environment.

The white paper outlines a science diplomacy strategy for the Amazon, integrating scientific research and indigenous knowledge to address ecological degradation. It proposes four main pillars: promoting transdisciplinary cooperation, strengthening the OTCA Regional Amazon Observatory (ORA), establishing a Science-Policy Hub for evidence-based governance, and building capacity across scientists, public officials, and indigenous communities. The strategy emphasizes the need for standardized data reporting, multilateral funding, and the genuine inclusion of indigenous peoples in decision-making bodies.

The document outlines a science diplomacy framework to safeguard the Amazon, focusing on transdisciplinary cooperation, joint monitoring, a science-policy hub, and capacity building. It emphasizes the need to combine scientific evidence with ancestral indigenous knowledge to address deforestation and climate change across the eight Amazonian nations.

The STAND Initiative addresses the security risks faced by grassroots environmental defenders (GEDs), such as criminalization and physical attacks, which are often driven by poor enforcement of human rights and environmental laws. The initiative provides capacity building, a small grant fund, and collaborative partnerships to enhance advocacy skills and protection measures in Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Liberia.

The Standing Together for Environmental Defenders (STAND) initiative, led by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Alliance for Land, Indigenous, and Environmental Defenders (ALLIED), addresses the security risks faced by grassroots environmental defenders (GEDs). These defenders often face criminalization, physical attacks, and murder, particularly in regions dependent on natural resource extraction. STAND implements a strategy based on co-created training in advocacy and legal accountability, the Defender Small Grant Fund (DSGF) for evidence-based advocacy, and collaborative partnerships to strengthen solidarity networks. The initiative focuses its efforts on Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Liberia.

The STAND Initiative, a partnership between the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Alliance for Land, Indigenous, and Environmental Defenders (ALLIED), aims to protect environmental and territory defenders who face threats such as criminalization, physical aggression, and murder. Operating in Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Liberia, the initiative focuses on strengthening prevention strategies for underserved communities and civil society organizations. Its strategy comprises three main pillars: capacity building to improve advocacy and legal accountability, the Defender Seed Grant Fund (DSGF) providing small grants for evidence-based advocacy, and the creation of collaborative alliances to strengthen local solidarity networks and increase government and private sector accountability.

WWF advocates for a binding global treaty to end plastic pollution, emphasizing the need for global bans on harmful plastics, mandatory product design requirements for a non-toxic circular economy, aligned financial flows, and flexible decision-making mechanisms to strengthen the treaty over time.