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This report argues that National Oil Companies (NOCs) are critical to the success of the energy transition due to their massive production and reserve shares, and urges investors to leverage their financial exposure to push these companies toward decarbonization.

This briefing analyzes the potential impact of the OECD and G20 Inclusive Framework's global tax reforms—specifically Pillar One and Pillar Two—on resource-rich developing countries and the mining sector. While some extractive industries are excluded from certain new taxing rights, the document warns that other elements of the reform could undermine national sovereignty and the ability of developing nations to collect revenue from their natural resources.

A fact sheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development detailing the challenges of electricity access, service quality, and financial sustainability of distribution companies in Uttar Pradesh, India.

This fact sheet outlines a blueprint for a fossil-free recovery, arguing that G20 governments should stop funding fossil fuel production and instead use revenues from subsidy reforms and taxes—potentially USD 553 billion annually—to fund clean energy, energy efficiency, and universal energy access. It emphasizes the need for private investment in clean electricity and a just transition involving workers, employers, and governments.

This background paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the international arbitration case of Vattenfall v. Germany. It analyzes how the Swedish energy utility Vattenfall used the Energy Charter Treaty to challenge German environmental restrictions on a coal-fired power plant, highlighting the tension between international investment protections and a state's ability to regulate for the environment.

This report examines the tension between trade liberalization and environmental conservation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). It highlights how rapid economic growth and infrastructure development have exacerbated illegal wildlife and timber trade and increased vulnerability to climate change, while regional governance remains hampered by non-binding agreements and limited administrative capacity.

This report analyzes the clean energy market for electricity generation in Chile, examining the current state of the electricity grid, investment trends, and the regulatory framework. It identifies significant potential for non-conventional renewable energy (NCRE) but highlights substantial economic, regulatory, and financial barriers that hinder large-scale adoption.

This report examines the potential, status, and barriers facing Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) in developing countries. It analyzes how ESCOs use energy performance contracting (EPC) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, highlighting China as a major success story while identifying systemic financing, administrative, and policy hurdles in other regions.

This report analyzes the fiscal implications of the clean energy transition for the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), focusing on the reliance of government budgets on fossil fuel revenues and the impact of existing subsidies.

This case study examines South Africa's heavy reliance on coal and the resulting fiscal implications for its energy transition. It details the role of state-owned enterprises, the structure of fossil fuel revenues and subsidies, and the government's climate commitments via its Nationally Determined Contribution.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines why the costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) remain high, particularly within Canada's oil and gas sector. It argues that high design complexity and the need for customization prevent the cost reductions seen in renewable energy technologies, making CCS an inefficient use of public funds for oil and gas, though potentially useful for hard-to-abate industrial sectors like cement.

The Entrepreneur’s Toolkit is a collaborative, wiki-based online platform launched in 2008 to provide social and environmental entrepreneurs with resources, knowledge, and peer-to-peer advice to enhance business performance and sustainable development impacts.

This policy brief, submitted by a coalition including the International Institute for Sustainable Development and Oil Change International, urges the Canadian government to eliminate all federal and provincial subsidies for oil, natural gas, and coal production by 2020. The authors argue that these subsidies undermine carbon pricing efforts and contradict Canada's international climate commitments under the Paris Agreement and G20/G7 frameworks.

This case study examines the challenges of establishing horizontal business linkages in Mozambique, focusing on the Mozal aluminum smelter and the Mozlink II program. It highlights how low industrial capacity, limited human capital, and a weak private sector hinder the ability of local SMEs to diversify their client bases beyond single large-scale 'megaprojects'.

This synthesis report summarizes a series of expert dialogues conducted between May 2009 and March 2010 by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Pembina Institute. The dialogues aimed to identify opportunities for trilateral cooperation on clean energy and climate action among Canada, the United States, and Mexico, highlighting the complexities of differing national roles and the impact of U.S. policy uncertainty on continental coordination.

This 2009 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the use and impact of investment incentives used by Southeast Asian nations to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). It analyzes how these incentives affect economic growth, government revenue, technology transfer, employment, and the environment, while exploring the dynamics of investment competition within the region and with China.

This briefing, based on a June 2020 virtual roundtable by CEEW and IISD, analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 on India's electricity sector. It details the financial distress of distribution companies (DISCOMs), the operational challenges faced by thermal and renewable energy producers, and the government's proposed recovery measures, including a stimulus package and loan terms from PFC-REC.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment within the large-scale mining sector. It analyzes immediate impacts on direct and indirect labor, the role of national lockdown policies, and the long-term structural shifts toward automation and localized supply chains, while providing recommendations for building future resilience.

This document describes the energy subsidy framework in Spain, detailing the taxation of fossil fuels, specific tax exemptions and reductions, and legislative measures aimed at eliminating fossil fuel dependence to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

This briefing note from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) details the state of energy subsidies and renewable energy targets in India as of December 2018. It covers proposed amendments to the Electricity Act 2003, the fiscal burden of oil and LPG subsidies, the financial stress within the power sector, and the government's ambitions for renewable energy capacity.