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The paper offers guidance on accounting for mitigation targets within NDCs under the Paris Agreement, utilizing approaches from the World Resources Institute's Greenhouse Gas Protocol Mitigation Goal Standard to fill gaps in UNFCCC guidance.

The analysis finds that while MRV is present in current and proposed U.S. federal policies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), requirements are inconsistent and not comprehensive. The authors argue that a dedicated federal MRV function is necessary to provide transparency, accountability, and consistency, avoiding the proliferation of conflicting standards seen in the voluntary carbon market. Such a function would coordinate an ecosystem involving government agencies, academics, and NGOs to manage quantification uncertainty and reversal risk.

The document discusses the need for establishing specific information requirements for the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) being prepared for the post-2020 agreement (the 2015 Agreement). It argues that transparency and clarification of these contributions are essential levers for increasing ambition and accountability among Parties to the UNFCCC. The paper intends to provide an overview of contribution types and a corresponding list of information requirements to facilitate a robust yet manageable reporting process.

The document outlines the necessity of the 'Paris Rulebook' to operationalize the 2015 Paris Agreement, emphasizing a cycle of planning, implementing, and reviewing climate actions. It argues that meeting the December 2018 deadline in Katowice, Poland, is critical for building international trust, steering national policies, and enabling the five-year cycles of action. The authors identify key challenges for negotiators, including balancing national circumstances with global progress and creating durable guidelines that can adapt to scientific and technological changes.

The document argues that while blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses are powerful nature-based solutions, their inclusion in national greenhouse gas inventories and adaptation strategies is limited by data gaps and poor institutional coordination. To resolve this, the author introduces the BLUE framework, which consists of four stages: Build (foundational awareness and data), Link (connecting ecosystems to national plans), Unlock (securing finance and cross-sector strategies), and Embed (implementing monitoring and adaptive management). The paper asserts that integrating these ecosystems into national policies can mobilize the political will and finance necessary for large-scale conservation and restoration.

The document outlines how estimating the costs of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) allows governments to identify financing gaps and select appropriate financial instruments. It details various costing methodologies—including econometric, macroeconomic, and integrated assessment models—and highlights the challenges of data gaps and uncertainty. Case studies from Colombia, South Africa, and Indonesia illustrate the application of these tools in national planning.

The analysis finds that while current G20 pledges are insufficient, aligning G20 targets with a 1.5°C pathway and reaching net-zero by 2050 could limit end-of-century warming to 1.7°C, closing three quarters of the gap to the 1.5°C goal.

The document is a guide published by WRI and UNDP to assist countries in enhancing their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It focuses on three primary dimensions: strengthening mitigation targets to reduce emissions, enhancing adaptation for climate resilience, and improving communication to facilitate implementation and trust. The guidance includes methods for identifying enhancement options, aligning finance with NDC objectives, and maximizing synergies with the Sustainable Development Goals, while ensuring transparency in accordance with the Paris Agreement.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the climate and energy landscapes in China and the United States. For China, it highlights a 4.7% increase in CO2 emissions in 2023, the growth of non-fossil fuel power capacity to 53.9% of the total, and the implementation of the 'Carbon Peak' pilot program and the restart of the CCER market. For the United States, it notes a projected 1.9% decrease in emissions for 2023, the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), and the focus on decarbonizing the power sector by 2035. The briefing also details the 'Sunnylands Statement' as a framework for bilateral cooperation on methane and energy transition, while noting tensions regarding trade policies and the potential impact of the 2024 US election.

The case study argues that forests influence climate stability through biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—beyond the carbon cycle. In Chile, the loss of over 40% of forest cover, particularly the matorral in the central region, has likely contributed to local temperature increases and exacerbated the 'Mega Drought' (2010-2018). The authors propose enhancing Chile's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Long-Term Climate Strategy, and REDD+ frameworks by incorporating non-carbon cooling effects as performance indicators and targets. They also suggest expanding the ARClim risk assessment platform to include deforestation-induced warming to better prioritize adaptation measures in agriculture and public health.

The document argues that forests influence climate not only through carbon sequestration but also through biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—which affect temperature and precipitation. In Chile, the conversion of native vegetation to crops and pastures has been linked to local surface temperature increases of up to 4°C. The authors suggest that Chile can enhance its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Long-Term Climate Strategy, and REDD+ strategies by incorporating these non-carbon effects as performance indicators and adaptation goals. Specifically, they recommend prioritizing native species over exotic plantations to maximize cooling effects and utilizing the ARClim digital platform to identify areas at risk of non-carbon warming.

The report examines the non-carbon biophysical effects of forests—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—and their impact on local and global temperatures and precipitation. Using Chile as a case study, it highlights how deforestation of native vegetation, such as the matorral, has contributed to local surface temperature increases. The document proposes specific policy enhancements for Chile, including adjusting its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to favor native species over exotic plantations, expanding the ARClim risk assessment platform, and incorporating biophysical indicators into the National Strategy for Climate Change and Plant Resources (ENCCRV). It suggests that Chile's approach can serve as a model for other UNFCCC parties to recognize deforestation as a climate hazard beyond carbon emissions.

The document argues that the COVID-19 crisis is a critical window to shift from 'snapshot to transition thinking,' urging governments to use stimulus packages to accelerate future technologies like renewable energy while phasing out fossil fuels. It highlights a concerning trend where approximately 30% of global fiscal stimulus is directed toward high-environmental-impact sectors, often without sustainability conditions. The report advocates for a 'One Health' approach to prevent future zoonotic pandemics by protecting biodiversity, and calls for the integration of informal workers and urban poor into city-level recovery planning. Key recommendations include the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies, the implementation of 'do no harm' standards for bailouts, and increased financial support and debt restructuring for developing countries to facilitate a just transition.

The Paris Rulebook is designed to transform the Paris Agreement into a functioning system by establishing tools and processes for national climate action. It focuses on creating a cycle of planning, implementing, and reviewing progress through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Key areas of negotiation include common timeframes for NDCs, transparency in reporting emissions and financial support, and the mechanisms for the global stocktake to assess collective progress toward temperature and resilience goals.

The document outlines how the Paris Rulebook transforms the Paris Agreement into an operational system by defining rules for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), transparency reporting, and progress reviews. It details the 'ambition mechanism'—a five-year cycle of planning, implementation, and review—and highlights key negotiation points for COP24, including common timeframes for NDCs, accounting for mitigation measures, and the operationalization of flexibility for developing countries in reporting.

The document describes the Paris Rulebook as the essential set of tools and processes required to transform the Paris Agreement into a functional system for global climate action. It details the cycle of planning, implementation, and review, focusing on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), transparency frameworks, and the global stocktake. The briefing outlines specific areas of negotiation for COP24, including common timeframes for NDCs, accounting for mitigation measures, and the provision of predictable financial information from developed countries to support developing nations.

The document outlines how forests influence climate stability through four non-carbon biophysical processes: albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols. It argues that ignoring these effects leads to an undervaluation of tropical forests, as tropical deforestation contributes 50 percent more to global warming than carbon-only metrics suggest. The authors propose six specific mechanisms for UNFCCC Parties to integrate these effects into official processes, including GHG inventories, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), REDD+ reporting, National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), the Global Stocktake, and the IPCC's 7th Assessment Report cycle.

The policy brief highlights that forests influence the climate through four key non-carbon biophysical processes: albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols. It argues that focusing solely on carbon underestimates the cooling value of tropical forests and ignores local temperature spikes caused by deforestation. The authors propose six specific ways for UNFCCC Parties to integrate these effects into national greenhouse gas inventories, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), REDD+ reporting, adaptation planning, the Global Stocktake, and the IPCC's Seventh Assessment Report (AR7).

The briefing explains how forests influence climate through non-carbon biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—and proposes six specific mechanisms for the UNFCCC to integrate these effects into national reporting, NDCs, REDD+, adaptation planning, the Global Stocktake, and IPCC assessments.

The document outlines the importance of long-term strategies (LTS) as a link between shorter-term Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Paris Agreement goals. It details six core elements of an LTS: a long-term vision, quantified mitigation goals, adaptation and resilience plans, pathways with interim milestones, monitoring and revision processes, and transparent communication. The guide emphasizes the role of civil society in holding governments accountable and ensuring a just transition, particularly in the context of economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.