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The document argues that transboundary climate risks originating in mountain areas are of rising concern and highly relevant to the adaptation needs of all countries. It identifies the Global Stocktake, Global Goal on Adaptation, Finance, Planning and reporting, and Loss and Damage as key negotiation tracks for advancing the mountain agenda and enhancing regional climate resilience.

Peru is implementing a phased roadmap to establish a national monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for climate change adaptation, aligned with its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The system focuses on seven priority sectors—water, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, forest, health, tourism, and transport—and aims to be fully operational by 2030. The process is divided into four phases: Analysis (completed), Design (underway), Development (underway), and Implementation (not started). Recent progress includes the creation of a final project design, interoperability proposals for data exchange with the National Environmental Information System, and the establishment of a baseline for loss and damage indicators.

The statement advocates for integrating Human Mobility due to Climate Change (HMCC)—including migration and planned relocation—into the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) via the UAE-Belem Work Programme. It argues that treating HMCC solely as a 'Loss and Damage' issue overlooks its potential as an adaptation strategy. The author suggests that HMCC should be integrated into the iterative adaptation cycle and sector-specific plans rather than as a standalone sector, leveraging the fact that over 85% of countries already include some form of HMCC in their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).

The report analyzes MEL systems for climate change adaptation in Canada, France, Kenya, Namibia, Peru, Somalia, Tonga, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. It finds that while all nine countries have initiated MEL efforts, most focus on monitoring and progress reporting, with evaluation and learning remaining less developed. The study emphasizes that MEL systems are iterative, context-specific processes rather than one-size-fits-all blueprints, and highlights a significant increase in the integration of MEL frameworks into National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) over the last decade.

The toolkit offers a framework for building MEL systems to ensure the effectiveness of National Adaptation Plan processes, avoid unintended negative effects, and support reporting requirements under the Paris Agreement.

The document analyzes Africa's role and priorities within the UNFCCC COP process, specifically focusing on the transition from COP27 to COP28 and looking ahead to COP29. It highlights the continent's success in establishing the Loss and Damage Fund and launching voluntary initiatives like the Africa Carbon Markets Initiative, while warning that climate finance remains severely constrained and dominated by loans rather than grants. The brief argues that Africa must shift from a reactive to a proactive approach, integrating gender perspectives and climate-peace-security policies, while balancing the need for energy access with a just transition to low-carbon energy.

The document argues that Latin America and the Caribbean are among the most climate-vulnerable regions globally, facing severe economic losses and ecosystem degradation. It highlights the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) as a strategic opportunity for the region to secure quantitative financing and integrate nature-based solutions. The brief recommends aligning national adaptation plans with human rights, indigenous knowledge, and regional cooperation to ensure a just and measurable transition.

The World Resources Institute describes the COP28 agreement to transition away from fossil fuels as a historic outcome but warns that the transition requires a massive scale-up in climate finance for developing countries. While praising the activation of the Loss and Damage Fund and the Global Goal on Adaptation framework, the statement criticizes the deal's failure to limit the role of carbon capture technology and the lack of quantified targets for adaptation.

The African Climate Foundation (ACF) advocates for COP28 to deliver measurable progress for Africa across the Global Stocktake, adaptation, and finance. The ACF emphasizes that emission reduction targets must be paired with climate finance reforms and the preservation of policy space for African development. Key priorities include a robust Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) with quantified targets, the operationalization of a fit-for-purpose Loss and Damage Fund, and the reform of the global financial system to provide affordable finance and debt restructuring. The ACF also warns against unilateral trade measures, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which it argues threaten Africa's sustainable development goals.

The document analyzes the progress of the Glasgow-Sharm-el Sheikh (GlaSS) work program and proposes four critical requirements for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) framework at COP 28: a qualitative overarching statement for impact, the integration of means of implementation (MoI) for effectiveness, explicit gender and human rights considerations for equity, and clarified roles for further technical and political work for legitimacy. It emphasizes that the GGA must be operationalizable through national monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems to avoid maladaptation and increased losses and damages.

The document argues that while the COP26 decision does not explicitly mention transboundary climate risks, the framework for the global goal on adaptation (GGA) provides an opportunity to address these risks. It suggests that the GGA should reflect the complexity of climate risks occurring across local, national, regional, and global levels, and proposes analyzing integration options based on the adaptation cycle and framework themes.

The briefing identifies four critical areas for COP28 success: adopting a transformational response to the Global Stocktake, accelerating systems transformation in energy, food, and cities, responding to severe climate impacts through the Loss and Damage Fund and adaptation frameworks, and delivering scaled climate finance to vulnerable nations.

The report argues that progress reporting is a critical tool for tracking National Adaptation Plan (NAP) implementation, especially for countries lacking full monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems. It highlights how reporting facilitates a 'learn-by-doing' approach, improves transparency, and supports Paris Agreement obligations. Despite these benefits, the report notes that few countries currently report on NAP progress due to resource and capacity constraints.

The document explains the role of the Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) within the Paris Agreement's Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF). While BTR submission is mandatory for most countries by December 31, 2024, the adaptation chapter (A-BTR) is optional. The guide details how countries can use the A-BTR to satisfy other reporting requirements, such as Adaptation Communications (AdCom) and National Communications (NC), and how to leverage existing NAP data and processes to reduce reporting burdens through cross-referencing and synthesis.

The document outlines the requirements and benefits of the Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) under the Paris Agreement's Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF). While BTR submission is mandatory for most countries by December 31, 2024, the chapter on climate change impacts and adaptation (A-BTR) remains optional. The guide details how the A-BTR can be used to streamline other reporting obligations, such as Adaptation Communications (AdCom) and National Communications (NC), and how it informs the Global Stocktake (GST) to assess progress toward the Global Goal on Adaptation.

The document examines the evolving integration of ocean issues into the UNFCCC climate process, noting a shift from limited recognition in the Paris Agreement to the establishment of the annual Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue. While 2022 saw significant momentum through the 'Super Year of the Ocean' and the BBNJ agreement, the author argues that COP27 outcomes were overly process-oriented and lacked strong language on finance. For COP28, the brief recommends that African stakeholders leverage regional forums and the African Group of Negotiators to shift the global dialogue from knowledge sharing to concrete implementation, utilizing regional successes like the Great Blue Wall and Seychelles' debt-for-nature swap to advocate for increased finance, capacity building, and technology transfer.

The roadmap, developed during a July 2023 dialogue in Nairobi, serves as an indicative guide for the African Union Commission (AUC) to enhance coordination between Member States and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in addressing transboundary climate risks. It advocates for the creation of a formal implementation plan to align with the African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2032) and suggests using the 2023 Africa Climate Summit and COP28 as platforms to signal African leadership and secure necessary financial and technical resources.

The document outlines the requirements and opportunities for Parties to the Paris Agreement to report on climate change impacts and adaptation through Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs). While the adaptation chapter (A-BTR) is generally optional, it is required if the BTR is submitted jointly with a National Communication (NC) or serves as an Adaptation Communication (AdCom). The briefing emphasizes that countries can reduce reporting burdens by cross-referencing existing documents, such as NAPs, and using the A-BTR to provide data for the Global Stocktake's assessment of the Global Goal on Adaptation.

The report examines 26 NAP progress reports from 20 countries to provide a framework for tracking climate adaptation. It identifies that while many countries commit to reporting, few do so due to capacity and resource constraints. The analysis proposes a four-step iterative cycle for reporting and details various methods for tracking implementation, evaluating effectiveness, and assessing the integration of adaptation into national budgeting.

The document outlines the necessity of establishing a monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) system for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) to bring adaptation on parity with mitigation. It aims to provide stakeholders with conceptual elements and examples to inform the finalization of the GGA framework by COP 28.