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The study finds that grain production systems in the Pampas lead to higher water-table levels and increased flooding risk compared to dairy systems. This is attributed to lower transpiration rates in annual crops and enhanced groundwater recharge in croplands, whereas perennial pastures maintain deeper water tables through higher transpiration and direct groundwater discharge.

The BEST-P project investigates the relationship between land cover dynamics and ecosystem services in southern South America, specifically focusing on carbon and water regulation. Using remote sensing and field studies, the project has quantified the impacts of deforestation and afforestation in the Chaco region, analyzed the influence of different landholder types on conservation, and developed tools to integrate biophysical and human dimensions into territorial planning. The initiative also provides evidence to support legal actions against illegal deforestation in Argentina by demonstrating cross-province climatic impacts.

Mighty Earth's monitoring of the PT Mayawana Persada concession in West Kalimantan reveals approximately 96 hectares of forest clearance and infrastructure development since a March 2024 government stop work order. While some areas showed activity ending in April and May, clearance in Area 1 appeared ongoing as of May 27, 2024. The report highlights the destruction of orangutan habitat and peatland, noting that nearly 20,000 hectares were cleared in 2023 alone.

The study finds that while forest fires are a threat, the VCS Program's pooled buffer account is adequately capitalized to guarantee credit permanence. Analysis of six REDD+ projects shows that some, such as the Katingan Peatland Restoration Project, generate fire-mitigation co-benefits through advanced management practices, while others do not. Only one reversal was identified across 190 AFOLU projects, which was fully compensated by the buffer pool.

The study assesses the impact of dam operations and climate change on the Mond River and its downstream estuary. While dams cause 'drastic' to 'severe' flow alterations in the river corridor, remote sensing indicates that climate change factors—specifically sea-level rise in the Persian Gulf and meteorological drought—have a more significant impact on the Mond-Protected Area than upstream river regulation or land-use change.

The report examines how agricultural expansion and the proliferation of decentralized water storage, such as 'atajados' (artificial ponds), are altering the hydrologic balance in Bolivia's Chiquitano dry forest. Using remote sensing and field verification, researchers identified significant volumes of unmapped surface water storage and increasing groundwater extraction, which may reduce baseflows and threaten downstream ecosystems. The document argues that current hydrologic models lack this decentralized data and recommends improved regulation and monitoring of water use to support long-term planning.

The project assesses the effects of land use and cover changes on the La Plata Basin's hydroclimate, specifically focusing on the intensity and length of floods and droughts, as well as soil moisture, infiltration, and runoff. Using 1980-2005 datasets and a Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) modeling system, the research tests various land cover scenarios and introduces Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs) to replace time-fixed land cover types in regional models.

The Patagonian shelf upwelling is a unique system driven by deep sea currents and bottom topography rather than wind, providing a year-round supply of nutrients that supports major fisheries and carbon sequestration in the South Atlantic.

The report examines the ecohydrological impacts of agricultural expansion in the La Plata Basin. In the Pampas, it identifies optimal groundwater depths for corn, soybean, and wheat, and suggests that replacing pastures with annual crops increases flooding risk. In the Chaco-Espinal region, agricultural conversion has led to deep groundwater recharge, salt mobilization, and the emergence of 'new rivers'. In Paraguay, deforestation of the Atlantic Forest increased river water yield from 40% to nearly 70% of rainfall inputs. The report also argues that harvesting biomass from fire-prone dry forests for bioelectricity is more carbon-efficient than soybean biodiesel, which causes significant emissions due to land-use change.